Cultural heritage and UNESCO sites in Bulgaria

Arrival at the Bulgarian capital

Sofia

Arrival at the Bulgarian capital

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Sofia

The city of Sofia is an open-air museum that tells the story of Bulgaria from the Neolithic to the present day.

Indeed, the region of Sofia is the site of a very ancient human settlement, dating back to the Neolithic (beginning of the 5th millennium BC). Traces of several villages from this period have been discovered in the area and a human settlement dating back to the Chalcolithic has been discovered in the town center.

The main settlement of the Thracian Serd tribe was on the site of present-day Sofia. This tribe gave its name to the city - Serdica - which they built in the 7th century BC. J.-C.
In 29 AD, the city was conquered by the Romans who made it the capital of the province of Dacia. In the third century, the Romans built thick walls around the town of Serdica.

But in 441 these walls were not enough to push back the Huns. The city is taken and pillaged. It will be rebuilt by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, under the name of Triaditsa.

In 809 the city was conquered by the Bulgarians and it took the name of Sredets. It was quickly regarded as one of the most important feudal cities.

In 1382, it was taken by the Ottomans who made it the capital of the province of Roumelia. This occupation plunges the city into decline, and it becomes a simple large town.

After the liberation of Bulgaria, the city became in 1879 the capital of the 3rd Bulgarian Kingdom. It quickly changes face, transforming itself into a modern western metropolis. The plans drawn up in 1881-1882 were followed by a period of construction of brick buildings and right-angled pathways. Several buildings and parks in the current city center date back to this time. It is a time of renewal for the city. The city council approved in 1900 the emblem of Sofia and its motto: "Grows but does not get old".

Under the communist regime (September 9, 1944 - November 10, 1989), Sofia became the main economic, cultural, scientific, educational center of Bulgaria. In 1992, the Government chose, in honor of Hagia Sophia, Martyrdom, September 17 as the day for the city of Sofia. The flag of the Municipality of Sofia was consecrated on the same day.

The many monuments of Sofia are proof and testimonies of the eventful past of the city and the country. A stroll through the city center is an opportunity to admire many historical and architectural treasures.

So you can discover: St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, St Nicholas Russian Church, St George Rotunda, Archaeological Museum, National Palace of Culture (NDK), Ivan Vazov National Theater, Sofia Market Halls, Sveta Nedelia Church, Mount Vitosha, Dragalevtsi Monastery, Sofia Art Gallery, Saint Sophia Church, Sts. Cyril and Method, the Ethnographic Museum, the Museum of Natural Sciences ...
On the outskirts of town you can also discover Boyana Church, whose frescoes dating back to the middle of the 13th century are one of the most important Bulgarian and European cultural relics.

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Day 2

Along the Iskar Gorge

SofiaSvogeCherepishki manastirGlozhenski manastir

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Premade route

Additional detours

Iskar Gorge

Sofia

Cherepish Monastery

Cherepishki manastir

Ritlite

Luti brod

Saeva Dupka Cave

Brestnitsa

Glozhene Monastery

Glozhenski manastir

Iskar Gorge

The Iskar Gorge is located not far from Sofia, where the Iskar River crosses through the Balkan Mountains. According to scientists, the river existed before the formation of the mountains, and after the mountain range was formed the river began to rise, slowly cutting its way through the mountains. The combination of water and stone offers many natural surprises, beautiful landscapes, caves and natural phenomena. This is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and picturesque places in the country.

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Cherepish Monastery

The Cherepish Monastery is located 29 kilometers southeast of the town of Vratsa, on the bank of the Iskar River. Built during the reign of Tsar Ivan Shishman (1371-1395), legends say that its name comes from the white bones of fallen soldiers at the Battle of Tsar Shishman against the Ottoman invaders, which took place nearby.
At the end of the 16th century St. Pimen Zografski (iconographer, literary, and church builder) restored the monastery, and it became a cultural and spiritual center whose activities continued during the following centuries, despite the incessant attacks of the Ottoman bandits (Kurdzhali).
In 1784 a two story ossuary was built in the mountains above the monastery. The houses that can be seen there today date from 1836. The oldest preserved frescoes in the monastery church date go all the way back to the 16th century.
The great Bulgarian writer Ivan Vasov often came to pray and seek inspiration in the monastery. There is also a small museum dedicated to him.

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Ritlite

Ritlite is a natural landmark located on an area of 123 hectares, on the left bank of the Iskar River above the village of Lyutibrod. It consists of four parallel rock walls with a length of 200 meters. It is part of the protected area of the Vratsa Balkan Natural Park.
The name comes from the walls’ similarity to the side of an oxcart. East of the rocks is the village of Kortingrad, surrounded by the remains of at least nine medieval Bulgarian churches. The best preserved of these churches is dedicated to St. George, and dates back to the 10th or 11th century. Kortingrad has not existed since the 17th century, but some of its inhabitants founded the present village of Lyutibrod.
One of the most famous hiking trails in the region is the one joining Lyutibrod with the Okolchitsa rest-house. The path follows the route of the retreat of Hristo Botev’s revolutionaries after the death of the great Bulgarian poet in 1876. Near Ritlite is the historic area Rashov Dol, which in recent years is host to a reenactment of the last battles of the revolutionaries on June 3rd. Next to it is a small chapel and a plaque in memory of the years of struggle and hope.

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Saeva Dupka Cave

The Saeva Dupka Cave is inarguably one of the prettiest caves in Bulgaria. It is located 3 kilometers south of the village Brestnitsa, in the Lovech municipality. The cave is the result of strong karst activity, which the region is known for. Furthermore, in northwest Brestnitza is the largest karst spring in Bulgaria – Chapter Panega.
The cave is named after the twin brothers Seyu and Sae, who used the cave as a shelter during the Ottoman rule. It is located at an altitude of 500 meters, has a length of 480 meters, and a varying height of 5 to 17 meters. Its total area is 3500 square meters, divided into five chambers. The thickness of the chambers varies from 8 to 32.5 meters. The temperature is relatively stable, between 7 and 11.6 degrees. The humidity is quite high, at 96 to 99%.
A place of exceptional form, rare beauty, this cave is a magical place designed by the creative force of nature, and amazes every time.

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Glozhene Monastery

The small village of Glozhene is located at the foot of Mount Lisets. The surroundings of the village are fascinating, and there is a wonderful view from the monastery which is situated on top of a rocky peak. It was founded by the Ukranian prince Gregory Glozh, which is where the name of Glozhene originates from. The monastery has had a turbulent and mysterious history. The original monastery was established in the 13th century and existed until the 17th century. Later, the monks built a new monastery at the top of the peak to avoid the attacks of the Ottomans. It is dedicated to St. George the Victorious. The original church was partially destroyed after an earthquake in 1913. Since it’s restoration, the monastery is accessed by sometimes quite narrow asphalt road. The Glozhene monastery is now recognized as an architectural and historical monument.
The area is filled with beautiful and extremely diverse nature, forest and ancient trees, cliffs, fragrant meadows, waterfalls, and caves. There is an easy tourist trail going through the Tzatitchina Biosphere Reserve.

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Vazov Eco-Trail

Gara Bov

Vratsa

Tower of the Offenders - Vratsa

Vratsa

Kurtpashov Tower - Vratsa

Vratsa

Vratsa Regional History Museum

Vratsa

Rogozen Thracian Treasure

Vratsa

St. Sophronius of Vratsa Ethnographic Complex

Vratsa

Vratsa Pass

Vratsa

Ledenika Cave

Vratsa

Kaleto Archaeological Complex

Mezdra

Blue Ostrich Farm - Brestnitsa

Brestnitsa

Vazov Eco-Trail

The Vazov Eco-Trail is named after one of the greatest Bulgarian writers – Ivan Vasov. He visited this area to find inspiration for his works. The trail starts from the Koshushtitsa neighborhood, crosses the Iskar River, winds by the Skaklya waterfall (85 meters high, with irregular flow depending on the season) and climbs up the peak near the village of Zasele, ending with a stunning view of the Iskar Gorge.
It was built in 1972 by the local residents, and its steadily increasing popularity has earned the status of a national tourist destination. The trail was renovated in 2007. It is in very good condition, with small bridges that cross the stream, benches, and easy to follow, thanks to the safety signs. Many railings and stone steps provide easy transition to inaccessible areas. Wooden gazebos at the end of the trail are used to picnic and to enjoy the exceptional view.
To reach the trail you need to go through Gara Bov (coming from Sofia), pass the bridge over the Iskar River, and go left along the Skaklya River. There will be a sign 1.4 kilometers from the trail. At the end of the street, before the bridge you will find a small makeshift parking lot. Following the river, you will quickly find the indications to the path.
The length of the eco-trail is about an hour and 30 minutes at a normal walking pace. If you make a trip to the village you will find a very nice crème caramel in the local grocery store (which is part of the “Elata” complex. It will give you strength for the descent.
Those who wish to enjoy the view of Zasele without walking can go by car. A nameplate from the main road shows the way to the Vazpv trail and the village of Zasele (before the village of Gara Bov coming from Sofia).

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Vratsa

The town of Vratsa is the largest town in Northwestern Bulgaria. Located at the foot of the Vratsa Balkans, it is the starting point of many trails that lead to caves, waterfalls, and rock formations, including the Ledenika Cave, Skaklya Waterfall and the Vratsa Pass.
The wealth of the mountain first attracted people from the second millennium B.C. The Thracian Triballian tribe successfully resisted the attacks of Phillip II and his son Alexander the Great. Historians believe that Vratsa was their capital.
When they conquered Thrace, the Romans increased security in the region by building a powerful fortress over the Leva River, on the Vratsa Pass.
The town held an extremely important role in the defensive system of Bulgaria in the Middle Ages. It was rewarded many times by the Bulgarian Kings for the resilience of its defenders.
Today, the town is home to the largest Rogozen Treasure, the largest Thracian treasure ever found, many medieval buildings such as the clock tower and Kurtpashov Tower, and interesting museums like the Ethnographic Museum, which has an exhibit of beautiful carriages.
Vratsa is a green and peaceful town surrounded by mountains, with a pleasant pedestrian area that invites you to take a nice walk. This is a town that deserves to be seen.

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Tower of the Offenders - Vratsa

The Clock Tower is a symbol of the town of Vratsa. It is found near the administrative building of the municipality of Vratsa. It is thought to be built in the 16th century. Originally it was used as a fortified residence before being turned into a clock tower in the 19th century. The last renovation was in 2006, which added some new decorative lighting.
A rough translation of the name comes out as the Tower of the Offenders. Local members of the high-class gained significant power in the 16th century. They played an important role in the society, determining the taxes imposed by the government. Often driven by greed, they often interfered in the relations between the public and the government. This tower was designed to meet the needs of local leaders at a time of severe social instability, insurrections, and attacks by thieves who constantly threatened them.

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Kurtpashov Tower - Vratsa

The Kurtpashov Tower is located in the western part of the central square in Vratsa, bordering the Regional History Museum. It is a square-shaped structure with a length of 5.9 meters, and a height of 11 meters.

Along with the Tower of Offenders nearby, it is one of the few buildings in the town that survived the Ottoman era. It was used as a fortified residence of a local feudal lord. It dates back to the 17th century, but it shares many similarities with the fortresses of the Bulgarian Middle Ages (14th century). It includes a basement storage area on the ground floor and two residential floors. The residential floors also have defensive openings. The detachable stairs provided access to the upper floors for greater security. The last two floors are separated by a double bar filled with mortar and stone to prevent fires.

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Vratsa Regional History Museum

The Regional History Museum is located in the center of Vratsa in the southern part of the main square. Established in 1953, it has resided in its current building since 1980. Its collections are displayed in nine exhibition halls in three parts. One of the most famous exhibits is the Rogozen Treasure, which is displayed in museums worldwide. This is the largest Thracian treasure ever discovered.
The museum holds the oldest human skeleton found in Bulgaria, which is 8,000 years old. It also contains ancient tiles and pottery with pictograms, thought to be the oldest examples of writing in the world.
The museum is divided into periods and includes:
-Rogozen Treasure
-Thracian treasures
-Archaeology
-History of Bulgaria from the 15th-19th century in the Botev Hall
-Modern History Hall
- Winner of the International Botev Award
-An Art – Museum of Paper
-Stone Rainbow – an exhibit consisting of about 1,000 minerals, rocks, and fossils.
The Sophronius of Vratsa and Nicolas Voyvodosa Ethnographic Museum is connected to the Region History Museum.

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Rogozen Thracian Treasure

The Rogozen Thracian Treasure was found in the yard of a house in the village of Rogozen during 1985-1986. It was the discovery of the century. It consists of 165 gold and silver objects, weighing over 20 kilograms, making it the largest Thracian treasure ever found in Bulgaria.
The differences in the styles and techniques used in the production of these objects suggest that they were produced at different times and in different places. The artifacts date from the late 6th century to the first half of the 4th century B.C.
Archaeologists suggest that the treasure belonged to a prominent family in the area, a local Thracian dynasty from the time of the great expansion of Thracian power and culture in the Balkan Peninsula. Some of the objects carry the names of the Odryssian King Cotis, and his son Kersebleptes.
The majority of the treasure is kept in the Historical Museum of Vratsa, and 15 items are kept at the National History Museum in Sofia.

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St. Sophronius of Vratsa Ethnographic Complex

The St. Sophronius of Vratsa Ethnographic Complex is attached to the Vratsa Regional History Museum. It presents ethnographic and architectural exhibitions created between 1972 and 1987. They include three houses from the Renaissance era and the Ascension school, situated near the temple/monument of St. Sophronius of Vratsa. The exhibition presents the lifestyle, traditional crafts, and culture of the Vratsa region during the late 19th century and the middle of the 20th century.
The house of one of the richest men in Northwest Bulgaria, Dimitraki Hadzhitoshev, displays the interior of a 19th century house. In the house of Ivan Zambin various crafts are presented, such as winemaking, viticulture, and sericulture. One of the largest exhibitions of the museums displays the carriages designed by Mito Orozov, a local manufacturer.

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Vratsa Pass

Vratsa Pass is found in the Vratsa Balkan Nature Preserve, and is one of the main entryways into the town. A symbol of Vratsa, its name is tightly connected with this place.
The pass is а gorge of the Leva River, stretching over an area of two hectares. The cliffs are the highest in the Balkan Peninsula (400 meters). Not surprisingly, it is the most popular alpine site in Bulgaria. It is divided into three parts, with over 140 climbing routes of varying difficulty (over 300 in the region), some of which are emblematic for Bulgarian climbers (The Mirrors, Second Congress Bracket, and Dogtooth). In the gorge there are preserved traces of the medieval fortress Vratitsa (10th century) which protected it.

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Ledenika Cave

The Ledenika Cave is one most visited in Bulgaria. It is open all year round and is located only 16 kilometers away from Vratsa. The road that leads there goes through the Vratsa Pass, ending at an altitude of 830 meters at the entrance of the cave. The cave is 320 meters long and has 10 chambers. The first chamber is the one that gives the cave its name. In fact, it becomes a real freezer in the winter, with temperatures falling to -20 degrees Celsius and the formation of large ice columns. This is an interesting phenomenon, as the temperature in the rest of the cave remains between 8 and 16 degrees Celsius, with 92% humidity.
The halls and formations in the cave are among the most beautiful in Bulgaria – the “Lake of Desires”, “Passage of the Sinners”, and “Concert Hall are some of the most attractive. Huge, impressive and beautiful with exceptional acoustics, it is regularly used by the Vratsa Philharmonic for performances.
The lights, bridges, railings, and stairs were renovated to make the visit even more enjoyable. There are several fields around the cave that are great for a picnic. If you desire, you can also go for a ride on horseback through the surrounding area.

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Kaleto Archaeological Complex

In the southeast part of the town of Mezdra, on a rocky hill perched on the left bank of the Iskar river is a preserved piece of history seven centuries old, showcased today at the Kaleto Archaeological Complex. A tour of the complex will reveal the lifestyle of the people who inhabited these lands from ancient times to the middle ages. In the exhibition halls are found various archaeological sites from five different historical periods. The old fortress/complex is located on a strategic road, linking up the Roman colony Eskus with Serdika in Sofia. Visitors can also learn about ceramics and painting in the studios of local artisans.

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Blue Ostrich Farm - Brestnitsa

The Blue Ostrich Farm was established in 2001 in the village of Brestnitsa, near the Saeva Dupka Cave. The farm allows visitors to learn more about ostriches, but also about products derived from birds, such as feathers, eggs, leather, meat, etc. These products allow the farm to continue operating. If you are looking for an original gift, here you can find engraved and painted eggs 25 to 30 times larger than those of chickens, with a 1 to 3 millimeter thickness. They are durable and easy to transport.

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Day 3

Traditions and crafts

Glozhenski manastirOreshakBeklemetoKoprivshtitsa

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Premade route

Additional detours

Troyan Monastery

Oreshak

Beklemeto (The Troyan Pass)

Troyan

Koprivshtitsa

Oslekov House

Koprivshtitsa

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Church - Koprivshtitsa

Koprivshtitsa

Lyutov House - Koprivshtitsa

Koprivshtitsa

Troyan Monastery

You will follow the north slopes of the Central Balkan towards the town of Troyan. A couple kilometers from the town, in the village of Oreshak, awaits one of the most important Bulgarian monasteries - the Troyan Monastery.

The name of the town of Troyan is linked to the ancient Roman road - Via Traiana - linking Moesia and Thrace to the Aegean Sea.
The foundation of the city dates back to the early 15th century when Bulgarians settled in this very inaccessible place to escape from the power of the Ottomans. Pottery and woodcarving crafts were among the most developed and allowed the enrichment of the city where talented architects have created beautiful models of the Bulgarian ecclesiastical architecture in the city and the region: for example, The Church of the Assumption in the Monastery of Troyan, once the refuge of Vasil Levski.
Built towards the end of the 16th century, it was the location of some political and religious events. It was rebuilt in 1835 and decorated in 1848 by the artist Zahari Zograf. The Troyan Monastery remains a Mecca of Bulgarian spirituality. This is the third most important monastery in the country.

Just next to it is located an exposition of the arts and trades of the master craftsmen in the country. We advise you to visit it because this is also an opportunity to buy some quality souvenirs or valuable objects.

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Beklemeto (The Troyan Pass)

You will depart for Koprivshtitsa through Beklemeto.

The Thracian Passage (Beklemeto) connects the village of Karnare to the south with the town of Troyan to the north. The passage runs through them, and is one of the highest in Bulgaria with a sea level of 1565 meters. The tedious road compensates for its many twists and turns with a breathtaking view. While passing through, you will find remnants of an old Roman road made during the reign of Troyan as well as the defenses built around it. These are a testament to its important role during the time of the Romans. Near its highest point there is a massive concrete arch. Standing at a height of 35 meters, the “Arch of Freedom” is a stunning site.

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Koprivshtitsa

The colorful town of Koprivshtitsa played a major part in the Great Revolution of April 1876 for the liberation from Ottoman rule.
Preserved in its authentic appearance, nestled in the mountains, the town holds a page of Bulgarian history which deserves to be told. Most of the houses are built of wood, painted in bright colours and give a unique touch to the relaxing atmosphere of this place. There are many house-museums retracing the glorious history of this small town.

You will be able to visit house-museums of famous Bulgarians such as Kablechkov, Debelanov, Karavelov, or Benkovski who were revolutionary writers and are nowadays considered heroes. The Lyutov and Oslekov houses, as well as the Church of St. Nikolai are also a must-see and will give you an idea of what life was like here more than a century ago.

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Oslekov House

The Oslekov House was built from 1853 – 1856 for the wealthy businessman Nencho Oslekov, who was a producer and trader of textiles. In his workshops were sewn clothes for the participants in the April Uprising of 1876. Following the Uprising, he was arrested and hung due to his participation.
The house was built be the craftsman Mincho, and the murals were painted by the Renaissance mason Costa Zograf, both from the town of Samokov. It was designed in an asymmetrical shape due to the small building area. There is a central area, and an additional wing. Three cedar columns support the second floor, and the house features a wooden staircase on the outside.
The Oslekov House is a fascinating house with unique construction and stunning frescoes. This is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful houses in Koprivshtitsa. Since 1956 it operates as an ethnographic museum. In the exhibition you can find everyday objects, horsehair embroideries, decorations, and tools used by Koprivshtitsa tailors.

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Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Church - Koprivshtitsa

The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Church in Koprivshtitsa was built in 1817, on the location of a previous church that was burned by Kurdzhali (generally deserters from the Ottoman army who benefitted from the lack of government power and preformed attacks against the Christian population).
Local guilds received permission from the Sultan to construct the church. Architecturally, it is a basilica. The building is low, dimly lit, and painted like an ordinary house, so as to not attract attention during this tumultuous time. The iconastasis is the work of one of the greatest craftsmen of Bulgaria, Georgi Hadji of Vidin, a representative of the school of Tryavna. The church has preserved icons of great artistic value.
In the churchyard, there were once housed two convents of the Hilandar and Rila Monasteries. The followers created the first monastery schools in Koprivshtitsa.

The belfry was placed later in 1896, thanks to donations from the illustrious merchant Hadji Nencho Palaveyev, the richest Bulgarian of all time. He financed the construction of many public buildings in Koprivshtitsa and created a guaranteed fund to ensure the development of the city in the future. In 1980, the communist leaders declared that the money had run out. Nencho Palaveyev was buried in the churchyard in 1936. According to legend, his restless soul wanders the streets of Koprivshtitsa, unhappy at the loss of his fortune, which he bequeathed to the city.

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Lyutov House - Koprivshtitsa

The Lyutov House is another gorgeous example of Renaissance culture. Built in 1854 by architects and craftsmen of Plovdiv, the house features impressive painted walls and elaborately carved ceilings. It was sold to a businessman named Petko Lyutov in 1906, from whom its modern name derives.
Koprivshitsa plasti (woven unspun wool), used not only for bedding but also to cover the soil can be found in the exhibition on the ground floor. In the 19th century house can be found many domestic items colored with natural dyes, which enhance the beauty of the structure.

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Oreshak Exhibition of Arts and Crafts

Oreshak

Kableshkov House - Koprivshtitsa

Koprivshtitsa

Oreshak Exhibition of Arts and Crafts

The Exhibition of Arts and Crafts in Oreshak is the only exhibition in Bulgaria where you can see the unique crafts of all the ethnographic regions. The complex is located in a 50 acre park. It has nine exhibition halls with a total area of 4200 square meters.
Since opening in 1971, the exhibition has hosted many national and international events that have gradually made it into a favorite place of artisans and lovers of traditional and modern art. The cultural calendar includes themed events that provide visitors with the opportunity to discover not only traditional crafts, but also to meet with masters and craftsmen.

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Kableshkov House - Koprivshtitsa

The Kableshkov House is the birthplace of Todor Kableshkov (1851), leader of the revolutionary committee in Koprivshtitsa, and the author of the bloody letter declaring a rebellion in the neighbor town of Panagyurishte. Arrested after the defeat of the rebels, he committed suicide in a Gabrovo prison. He was 25 years old.
The house was built in 1845 by the local Gencho Mladenov, at the request of Lulcho Kableshkov. The building is distinguished by its symmetry, its beautiful forms, and carved ceilings.
It was the first public museum opened in 1952, which tells the story of the city and the lifestyle of the rich local families. One part is dedicated to the life of Kableshkov, the April Uprising of 1976, and the volunteers from Koprivshtitsa that participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 – 1878.

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Day 4

KoprivshtitsaStaroselKazanlakTryavna

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Premade route

Additional detours

Thracian Temple

Starosel

Thracian Sanctuary of Starosel

Starosel

Hisarya Architectural Preserve

Hissarya

Kalofer

The Rose Valley

Kazanlak

Valley of the Thracian Kings

Kazanlak

Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak

Kazanlak

Memorial Temple of the Birth of Christ (Shipka Church)

Shipka

Etar Architectural and Ethnographic Complex - Gabrovo

Etara

Tryavna

Thracian Temple

The Thracian Temple “Horizont” is part of the Thracian temple complex near the village of Starosel. It carries the name of the European organization “Stitching Horizon”, which is largely responsible for financing the archaeological excavations back in 2002. Dating back to the 4th or 5th century B.C., this temple differs from the others; it is the only known Thracian temple that features a colonnade. It was built inside a burial mound, which was also an embankment. The temple is covered and only ten pillars (six frontal, four on the sides) remain visible. This is the only Thracian temple of its kind ever found in Bulgaria. It differs from the Greek temples, which are completely open and surrounded by columns on all sides.
In the middle of the 4th century B.C., the temple was converted into a mausoleum following the burial of a Thracian king. The deceased king’s horse was also buried along with him. The temple was then desecrated, pillaged, destroyed, and buried, most likely for political or religious reasons. Despite the poor conditions of the objects found here, these artifacts attest to the wealth of the deceased and his influence in society.
This temple is an extremely rare and sacred place, which has passed through the ages of history and still stands today. There was also another temple in a nearby mound, where a chapel stands today.

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Thracian Sanctuary of Starosel

In August of 2000, the largest Thracian religious/cult complex was discovered near the villages of Starosel and Hisar. Today it is known as the Starosel Thracian Shrine Complex, or the Royal Thracian Complex and Mausoleum. It is believed to be built some time during the 5th century B.C., probably erected in honor of Sitalk I, the first Thracian emperor, who ruled the lands from the Danube to the Aegean Sea.

The complex provides a wealth of information about a little-known civilization, but one that was very significant during its time. The view from atop the hill is worth seeing.

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Hisarya Architectural Preserve

The Hisarya Architectural Preserve is located in the heart of the modern town of the same name. The ancient city allows visitors to learn about the characteristics of urban Roman architecture from the late 3rd century to the early 4th century. In fact, after the conquest of Thrace, the Romans discovered the beneficial properties of the water sources in the village, which received city status in the year 293. During this time the town’s defenses were strengthened with the addition of massive fortress walls.
Destroyed several times over the centuries, traces of Hisarya’s glory days can still be seen, such as the walls of the fortress, the ancient amphitheater, Roman baths, barracks, houses and public buildings, the tomb of a Roman family, Christian basilicas, Roman urban network and water pipelines.
The fortress wall (2300 meters long) remains one of the best preserved in Europe from that time, a little copy of the hull of Constantinople, which suggests that this was an important city. Let yourself be carried away by the charm of this beautiful and colorful town during your walk around the center and in the ancient ruins.

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Kalofer

The small town of Kalofer is situated in the foothills of the southern slopes of Stara Planina, close to the Central Balkan National Park. It sits on the banks of the river Tundzha between Central Balkan and Sredna Gora. The park is home to the Botev peak, which has an altitude of 2376 meters above sea level. Its name comes from the Bulgarian poet and revolutionary Vasil Levski’s assistant – Hristo Botev.
Moreover the Hristo Botev National Museum is one of the hundreds of national sites open to visitors every day. This is the birthplace of Botev, and contains an exhibition of documents and personal belongings of the extraordinary Bulgarian hero. A monument to the poet-revolutionary is found in the city. Kalofer is known across Bulgaria for its ecotourism and received an award from the European Union for the creation of eco projects and programs. A visit to this part of Bulgaria will surely include many excursions, and walks on foot or horseback. This is an ideal way to discover the country’s natural beauty. A small tourist office in the city can provide you with more information.

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The Rose Valley

Bulgaria is well-known for being the largest producer of rose oil in the world. At the heart of this industry is the region known as the Rose Valley. The secret to cultivating the highest quality of Bulgarian roses is an art that has been developed over many years, in part thanks to the soil and favorable climate. The highest quality roses are of a sort called “Rosa Damascena”. Rose oil is sometimes referred to as the “liquid gold” of Bulgaria, because of its high price. It is used in many famous brands of perfume, chocolate, liquor, and jam. Rose oil is three times more expensive than gold. It takes 3000 kilos of roses to produce just one liter of rose oil. All flowers are picked by hand and carefully preserved for distillation, with the harvest usually taking place in May. Harvest begins early in the morning, when the dew is still on the roses. In fact, the dew is vital for extracting the rose oil from the flower, and also for the production of rose water. Bulgarian rose oil is one of the essential ingredients in many French perfumes, thanks to its high level of quality. A festival also takes place in the first week of June, coinciding with the flowering period of the roses. There are lots of flowers, colorful costumes and traditional ethnic dances during the festival, whose highlight is the crowning of the Rose Queen, the most beautiful girl in town.

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Valley of the Thracian Kings

The region around the town of Kazanlak is referred to as The Valley of the Thracian Kings, and is known for its many and varied monuments from Thracian times. Archaeologists have studied a very small part of the 1,500 tombs in the area (about 300). New discoveries will undoubtedly follow, and will further enhance our knowledge of this civilization, which is an inseparable part of the Bulgarian heritage. Among the most famous barrows are the Kosmatka, Svetashta, Ostrusha, Shushmanets, The Gryphons, Large Arsenal, and of course, the one found in Kazanlak.

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Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak

The first Royal Thracian tomb is found in the town of Kazanlak, the heart of the Thracian civilization. Recognized as a world heritage site by UNESCO, the tomb allows you to look into the past of a little known civilization, which for its time was the most powerful in Europe and the Mediterranean, long before the Romans. The murals in the dome of the tomb are well preserved, and its unique style makes it one of the masterpieces of ancient cultural heritage and Thracian. In the hallway of the tomb there is a scene depicting a battle on the wall, and found in the burial chamber are scenes of a feast and funerary ritual, and a horse drawn chariot. These murals reflect the beliefs of the Thracians, and their thoughts on the afterlife. In the main room there is a scene illustrating the life of the deceased hero and his wife.

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Memorial Temple of the Birth of Christ (Shipka Church)

The Memorial Temple of the Birth of Christ, more commonly known as the Shipka Church, was built in 1902 to honor the soldiers who died in the Russo-Turkish war to help free Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. In the crypt of the Russian church there are seventeen marble sarcophagi containing the bones of soldiers who died in 1877.

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Etar Architectural and Ethnographic Complex - Gabrovo

The Etar Architectural and Ethnographic Complex was founded in 1964, and shows the way of life of the region during the 18th and 19th centuries.
In the shadow of the clock tower, who still counts the hours, everyone who comes here is immersed in scenes from the Bulgarian Revival style. In this wonderful place you can see artisans (blacksmiths, carpenters, tanners, potters, jewelers, weavers, woodcarvers, bakers…) make their works using modern methods.

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Tryavna

Tryavna is a recommended visit because of the atmosphere of the city, which is known for its handmade works. Its main street is quite charming, a place where you can buy original souvenirs. Located near Gabrovo, the town is home to a famous school of iconography, which has an international reputation. For a long time, all the activities in the town were focused on art exclusively, which visitors have the opportunity to enjoy in most of the churches there. This is a great place for people who want to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of the 19th century.
A major symbol of the city is the 21 meter clock tower, built in 1814.
You can visit the many house museums - The Daskalov (1804), Kanchev, Raikov (1846) houses, or the Slaveikovschool (1836), the Museum of Icons, the Kazakov Gallery of Asian and African Art, as well is the Church of St. Michael the Archangel. There is plenty to see while on a walk around this charming and friendly town.

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Starosel Winery

Starosel

Roman Family Tomb - Hisarya

Hissarya

Hisarya Archaeological Museum

Hissarya

Damascena Rosary

Skobelevo

Iskra History Museum - Kazanlak

Kazanlak

Mount Buzludzha

Buzludzha

Ostrusha Thracian Tomb

Kazanlak

Royal Tomb of Seuthes III (The Great Kosmatka)

Kazanlak

Starosel Winery

The Starosel Winery is located about 2 kilometers from a Thracian sanctuary, and is a great place to stop and have some lunch. Far from the hustle and buildings of city life, this is a wonderful complex which offers tastings of their products in a tasting room modelled after the Thracian sanctuaries.

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Roman Family Tomb - Hisarya

Thanks to the numerous archaeological excavations in the area of the ancient town Hisarya, we now have the opportunity to see the 5 preserved necropoles outside the boundaries of the fortress. Visitors can only enter the largest tomb, which is the only one decorated with frescoes and mosaics. Dating to the 4th century, it is one of the most intriguing tombs in Bulgaria, its architecture and history preserved in time.
The Roman Family Tomb in Hisarya was discovered by accident in 1957, when the ground was being used for farming. The tomb includes a corridor, staircase, vault, and burial chamber. The floor of the burial chamber is covered with mosaics in geometric shapes that resemble a colorful carpet. Both of the funeral beds were carved into the room after construction. The tomb is 5 meters underground, with only the stairs and entrance at surface level. The wear on the staircase suggests that the tomb was used as a mausoleum. It was found empty, probably robbed long in the past. The frescoes on the wall are heavily damaged by water that has seeped into the grave. The tomb was intended for the family of a noble Roman dignitary or warlord.

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Hisarya Archaeological Museum

In the Hisarya Archaeological Museum there are many archaeological discoveries found in the town. The oldest objects date from the Neolithic period. Visitors can see models of some of the buildings in the ancient city, such as the amphitheater, Christian basilica, and the main fortress gate of the ancient city “Camels”. The museum was founded in 1953. It has expanded, and now features an exhibition dedicated to the lifestyle of the region. Currently, the five halls hold a little over 4,000 items.

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Damascena Rosary

In the village of Skobelevo there is a large industry for producing rose oil using the Damascena rose. Here you can discover the secrets of the processing and production of rose oil, and also taste the products made with it – such as rose water, rose jam, and rose brandy.

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Iskra History Museum - Kazanlak

The Iskra History Museum in Kazanlak is one of the oldest and most famous museums in Bulgaria. Founded in 1901, its collections feature more than 50,000 original artifacts from the Kazanlak period. The artifacts are split between four different exhibits (Archaeology, Renaissance, Modern and Contemporary History, and Ethnography). Probably the most interesting artifacts are the bone tools (the largest collection in Southeast Europe), Thracian artifacts, medieval pottery, swords, knives, jewelry, and traditional costumes. The new treasury hall holds the latest findings of gold, silver and bronze. Among these are the golden crown, helmet and kneepads of the Thracian King Suethes III, found in the Kosmatka burial mound.
The museum preserves, researches, and promotes the cultural heritage of the Kazanlak region, including all the Thracian tombs in the Valley of the Kings.

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Mount Buzludzha

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Ostrusha Thracian Tomb

The Ostrusha Tomb is located in between the village of Shipka and the town of Kazanlak. In 1993, a religious burial ground of great artistic and historic value was discovered here during an archaeological excavation.
The coins and artifacts found here date back to the middle of the 4th century B.C. The tomb consists of six rooms, 5 rectangular and one circular, with a total area of 100 square meters. Two of the rooms are inaccessible. Their secrets will remain hidden until further excavations take place.
Not many of the extraordinary facades and ornaments are left, but visitors can still see the central burial chamber, carved from two monolithic stone blocks weighing 60 tons each. The trapezoidal stone slab that covers it has the shape of a sarcophagus. The ceiling of the tomb is intricately decorated with scenes of life, heroes, animals, and complex geometric shapes. The frescoes, some outlined with gold, demonstrate the mastery of the Thracian artists to depict their heroes and their spirituality, despite the considerable deterioration.

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Royal Tomb of Seuthes III (The Great Kosmatka)

Near Kazanlak, close to the ruins of Sevtopolis, the ancient capital of the Odrysians, archaeologists discovered the royal tomb of Seuthes III in 2004. Dating back to the second half of the 5th century, it is one of the most important discoveries in Bulgaria over the last decade.
Archaeologists uncovered a large number of objects made from gold and silver. The size of the tomb and the number of precious objects inside suggest that this was the tomb of a very important Thracian ruler.

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Day 5

TryavnaVeliko TarnovoArbanasi

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Premade route

Additional detours

Church of St. Michael the Archangel - Tryavna

Tryavna

Daskalov House - Tryavna

Tryavna

Veliko Tarnovo

Tsarevets Fortress

Veliko Tarnovo

Holy Forty Martyrs Church - Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo

Church of St. Demetrius of Thessolaniki - Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo

Samodovska Market - Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo

Arbanasi

Church of St. Michael the Archangel - Tryavna

Located near the old school, the Church of St. Michael the Archangel was designed and built in the 12th century. The iconostasis was carved by local craftsmen from the Tryavna art school. The famous “King’s Cross” is made of boxwood; on it there are carvings of 12 different stories from the Gospels.

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Daskalov House - Tryavna

The Daskalov House is one of the most beautiful houses in Tryavna, preserved in its Renaissance style. Built between 1804 and 1808 for the two songs of the merchant Hristo Daskalov, the house impresses with its elaborately carved ceilings. Six months were required to achieve this level of detail. In the annex of the house there is a museum of woodcarving.

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Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo was the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire between the 12th and 14th centuries, and is considered to be the most beautiful city in the Balkans after Istanbul.
Razed by the Turks in 1393, the city has preserved its fortifications to this day. This is a must see city in Bulgaria, with its rich history, natural beauty, houses hanging over the Yantra river and a preserved medieval appearance.

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Tsarevets Fortress

The Tsarevets Fortress is one of the most visited landmarks in Bulgaria. It is located in the old part of the town, on the hill which bears the same name.
The first traces of human presence here date back to the Thracian times. The fortress is from the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire, during which the town flourished and became the capital of Bulgaria, as well as one of the largest cities in Southeast Europe.
The city began the construction and strengthening of the citadel, whose remains can still be seen today. The wall is 3.4 meters wide by 10 meters high, and has a length of 1,100 meters. It contained 470 houses, an inn, houses of the aristocracy, 23 churches, and four monasteries.
The restoration of the ruins began in 1930. It was partially completed in 1981 in celebration of the creation of the Bulgarian state. On top of the hill is the Church of the Patriarch, also restored in 1981. The frescoes inside depict the rise and fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
A visit to the Fortress of Tsarevets is a must, an opportunity to immerse yourself in this part of Bulgarian history, sealed deep in Veliko Tarnovo.

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Holy Forty Martyrs Church - Veliko Tarnovo

The Holy Forty Martyrs Church is one of the most emblematic medieval churches in Veliko Tarnovo. Built at the foot of Tsarevets Hill, it was declared a historical monument in 1964; it is closely connected with the history of Bulgaria.
It was built and decorated to celebrate the great victory of Tsar Ivan Asen II against the Byzantine ruler Theodore Komnin, on March 22, 1230. This provided military-political influence of the Bulgarian Kingdom in the Balkans with an outlet to three seas: the Black, Aegean, and Adriatic.
Historians suggest that the church was built around the Royal Monastery, which is one of the most important medieval monasteries in the area of the city.
After the conquest of the city by the Ottomans in the 16th century, the church was converted into a mosque. This is undoubtedly the reason the temple was saved, as all churches and monasteries in the surrounding hills were destroyed during the Ottoman period (1396-1878). After the liberation in 1878 it was reverted to a Christian church. The most famous people buried inside are the Bulgarian Tsars Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II, as well as the Saint Sava.

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Church of St. Demetrius of Thessolaniki - Veliko Tarnovo

The Church of St. Demetrius of Thessolaniki or St. Dimitar Solunski, is located northeast of Trapetitsa, on the right bank of the Yantra River. It is the oldest church in Veliko Tarnovo and is precisely dated to medieval times.
It is closely related to the riots against the Byzantines in 1185. This is the place where the first kings of the Bulgarian Asen Dynasty – Peter, Ivan, and Asen were crowned. Later, a monastery was added to the church whose ruins attest to the active monastic life. The fate of the church and the monastery is not different from other places of worship. It was devastated by robbers and heavily damaged during the second half of the 19th century. It was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1913. Some elements of the building and its frescoes are fully restored.
Based on research done in 1971 to clarify the architectural plans and rich external decorations, the church began renovations in 1977. It was restored and opened to visitors as a museum in 1985, in connection with the 800 year anniversary of the rebellion of Assen and Peter, and the declaration of Veliko Tarnovo as the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire.

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Samodovska Market - Veliko Tarnovo

The Samovodska Market is a historic center for crafts in Veliko Tarnovo. It was created in the second half of the 19th century, a period that marks the rebirth of the city. People from the nearby villages came here to sell their produce. One of the villages is called Samovodene, and that is where the name of the street comes from. Gradually, inns began to open, which allowed artisans to meet with entrepreneurs and offer their products.
Today, in the narrow cobbled streets, there are still small crafts workshops (blacksmiths, potters, chocolate makers, knife makers, jewelers, curios, bookstores and galleries). This is a place where you can buy souvenirs, enjoy the specialities, or just feel the atmosphere of yesteryear during your walk.

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Arbanasi

Arbanasi is a village located on a plateau 4 kilometers from Veliko Tarnovo, the capital of Bulgaria during the middle ages. From the plateau there is a wonderful view of the hills of Tsarevets and Trapezitza. The village is famous for its architectural sites, including many beautiful houses and impressive churches decorated with fantastic murals. These monuments of Bulgarian architecture and artistry are a site of interest for the Bulgarian government, who make a great effort to maintain them and the history tied to them.

The story of the village of Arbanasi is first chronicled in a document from Suleiman the Magnificent from the year 1538. In the 15th and 18th centuries, the village experienced a period of large economic development, and became an important trade center for art and craftsmanship. During this time, the residents of Arbanasi began constructing some of its most beautiful and renowned churches, in which can be seen the artistic heritage of the village. Even today these works accurately reflect the refining of tastes and behaviors of the past. There are 144 designated architectural and cultural monuments. Deep in the green of venerable walnut trees, Arbanasi is an oasis of calm with its own preserved style of houses, grape vines and serene gardens. A peaceful place filled with the smell of geranium, colorful beds of flowers and winding narrow streets. Immersed in this dreamlike environment, it’s as if time stands still in the past.

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Tryavna

Old School - Tryavna

Tryavna

Kazakov Gallery

Tryavna

Museum of Icons - Tryavna

Tryavna

Bozhentsi

Dryanovo Monastery

Dryanovo

Bacho Kiro Cave

Dryanovo

Church of Saints Peter and Paul - Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo

Monastery of the Transfiguration of God

Veliko Tarnovo

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Old School - Tryavna

The Old School, situated in the heart of the city, is a place that continues the tradition of master wood sculptors of the late 19th century. Studios and galleries present permanent exhibitions, which include manuals, books, and certificates.

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Kazakov Gallery

The Kazakov Gallery includes a beautiful collection of paintings by the artist Dimitar Kazakov (1933-1992).

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Museum of Icons - Tryavna

The Museum of Icons, situated on top of a hill in Tryavna, is dedicated to the Tryavna School of Iconography. It contains more than 160 incredible icons and various tools belonging to Tryavna painters. The exposition shows examples of the average family of a Tryavna painter, and the developmental stages of iconography. The atmosphere in the museum is filled with deep inspiration and the radiating beauty of the icons. They present to us the tradition of medieval iconography, and the innovations of the craftsmen, who combine unique colors to create the vivid images of their characters.

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Bozhentsi

The beautiful village of Bozhentsi is famous for its preserved architecture, restored houses with rooves of tikli (old style Bulgarian bricks made of rocks) in the national awakening style, and wonderful nature. The food is delicious, and in the local taverns you will find many warm and friendly faces. According to local legends, the village was founded around 600 hundred years ago by Bozhana, a Bulgarian noble. Following the conquest of the Bulgarian Capital Veliko Tarnovo by the Ottomans and the death of her husband, Bozhana and her family found shelter in the deep forests, and founded the village there.
Bozhentsi is located near the ancient Roman road “Nicopolis ad Istrum” (north of Veliko Tarnovo). The village is specialized in trade with Russia, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and France. Near the end of the 19th century, Bozhentsi had become an administrative, cultural, religious, and trade center with over 500 residents and 110 houses. It’s as if time has stood still in the village since then. It was declared a historic architectural reservation in the 8th issue of the national newspaper in 1964 and has preserved its 100-250 year old houses, which serve to remind of the visitors of the past. Stories told by the locals are filled with details of its past. Today, the village life is marked with a many cultural events throughout the year. These events allow visitors to get a taste of the local traditions and way of life. The House-Museums, old style wax purification and knives workshops will make your stay in this picturesque village unforgettable.

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Dryanovo Monastery

The Dryanovo Monastery is located equidistant from Veliko Tarnovo and Gabrovo and dates back to the 12th century. This is a monastery with a rich and tragic history – repeatedly being burned. It housed a huge library. It was also the spiritual center for the preparation of the April Uprising. Today, the monastery keeps the faith and closeness between the people. The Dryanovo Monastery is one of the 100 national tourist sites, and was declared a national monument in 1971.
The monastery is a starting point for various hiking trails. You can visit the Bacho Kiro Cave nearby.

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Bacho Kiro Cave

The Bacho Kiro Cave is located 300 meters from the Dryanovo Monastery in a 25 meter limestone cliff. This is the first developed cave in Bulgaria (1937). Since 1940, it bears the name of Bacho Kiro, a revolutionary and participant in the April Uprising of 1876.

The cave is a complex labyrinth of galleries and branches, with a length of 3600 meters. Visitors are offered two routes. The first route is about 700 meters long and takes 70 minutes to complete, whereas the second shorter route takes about 30 minutes and is 350 meters.
For thousands of years rivers have sculpted these caverns and galleries in varied and interesting forms, as well as the classic forms (stalactites and stalagmites).

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Church of Saints Peter and Paul - Veliko Tarnovo

The history of the church is closely linked to that of the Second Bulgarian Empire, during which it played an important role. Today, the church is home to preserved frescoes from the 15th and 16th centuries, which is the main attraction for visitors.

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Monastery of the Transfiguration of God

One monastery that is definitely worth a visit if you have the time is the Monastery of the Transfiguration of God. About four kilometers from Veliko Tarnovo, nestled in the mountains, you will be amazed to find this beautiful monastery. Its outer façade and interior are covered in murals be the artist Zahari Zograf. Renovated many years ago, many visitors are able to experience this religious and holy place, due to its proximity to culture. Work on the monastery was funded by donations, and the murals have been restored several times. Here you can also buy honey that is produced on site.

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Day 6

ArbanasiRuse

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Premade route

Additional detours

Nativity of Christ Church - Arbanasi

Arbanasi

Byala Bridge

Byala

Ivanovo Rock Churches

Ivanovo

Ruse

Nativity of Christ Church - Arbanasi

There are five churches to visit in Arbanasi, but the one the most interesting one is the Nativity of Christ Church. Constructed during the 15th century, was first built with three naves and one apse. Then in the 17th century, the church was expanded and decorated with painted murals of saints by Bulgarian artists. There are 2000 saints painted on the according to calculations, representing 3500 different characters. A visit to this church is not one to pass up.

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Byala Bridge

The bridge of Kolyo Ficheto near the town of Byala, over the Yantra River, is one of the greatest achievements of the Bulgarian Revival. Work on the bridge began in 1865 on the orders of Midhat Pasha, and concluded two years later. It is built from limestone, with a length of 276 meters and a width of 9 meters. It features 14 twelve-meter arches, decorated with sculptures of animals.
The floods of 1897 destroyed eight arches in the center of the bridge, about 130 meters. They were reconstructed in 1922-1923 and reinforced with concrete pillars which take away some of the charm of the creation.
The bridge is now only used by pedestrians. Traffic goes to the parallel bridge to the south.

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Ivanovo Rock Churches

The Ivanovo Rock Churches are a sort of network of 20 small rock monasteries and churches, the most impressive being the Church of the Virgin Mary. It is part of the large rock monastery “St. Michael the Archangel”, which is located 22 kilometers from Ruse. This church was developed under the protection of the Bulgarian Tsars and patriarchs during the 13th and 14th centuries. Thanks to its well preserved frescoes, considered to be the best example of Bulgarian medieval art, the monastery is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
The Church of the Virgin Mary is just over 2 meters high and 16 meters, and was created and painted with the support of Tsar Ivan Alexander. It consists of two buildings and a chapel. You can find remains of monastic cells in the rocks around the neighborhood.
The frescoes on the walls and ceiling of the church were created by unknown artists. They depict scenes of the Holy Week and the life of St. John the Baptist. Portraits of Tsar Ivan Alexander, Queen Theodora, and various other Saints are displayed in the vestibule of the church, as well as scenes from the life of the Syrian hermits in the chapel.
The frescoes in the church are distinguished by their beauty, vitality and perfection. This is an example of the high level of culture achieved during the Second Bulgarian Empire.

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Ruse

Ruse is the fifth largest city in Bulgaria with a population of 180,000 inhabitants. It is located in the northeast, on the right bank of the Danube, 320 kilometers from Sofia and 70 kilometers from Bucharest.
Ruse has a long history spanning nearly 20 centuries. It starts with the construction of a Thracian settlement, later being included in the Sexaginta Prista Fortress. The fortress was situated on the main road from Singidunum to the Danube Delta. The role of the fortress was important because it controlled the transport of weapons and goods by river. It was destroyed in the 6th century during the attacks of the Avars and Slavs.
During the First and Second Bulgarian Empires, there existed a fortified settlement named Rusi near the ruins of Prista. It was developed as an important center of trade in the Trans-Danubian lands, until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1388.
Destroyed by invaders and rebuilt because of its strategic location, Ruse became one of the most important fortified cities on the Danube. Since the beginning of the 17th century the city has developed as a commercial, cultural, and industrial center.
Ruse has a very rich heritage. The largest bridge in Bulgaria was built here in the 1950s. This bridge plays an important role in the exchange of goods between Central Europe and the Balkans.
The interesting buildings and historical landmarks showcase the diverse architecture, mixing classical styles, Baroque, Renaissance, Gothic, and Rococo. Its large green parks and the Danube River have earned the city the nickname “Little Vienna”.
The most beautiful buildings in Ruse are called the “Golden Dozen” and include the former theater, music school, the Catholic Church, and the house of architects. Some of the museums you can see are the Regional History Museum, the Museum of Urban Life, the Zahari Stoyanov House and the National Museum of Transport, which is the only one of its kind in Bulgaria. The town hosts cultural events such as the Carnival in Ruse, March Music Days, and the Autumn Days of Art and Science.

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Konstantsaliev House

Arbanasi

Ruins of Nicopolis ad Istrum

Veliko Tarnovo

Medieval City of Cherven

Tcherven

Orlova Chuka Cave

Dve Moguili

Basarbovo Monastery

Ruse

Konstantsaliev House

The houses in Arbanasi are a type of fortified house with high walls and gates with iron fences. Inside, the homes were decorated with expertly carved wooden ceilings, which can truly be considered masterpieces. One of the most beautiful old houses is the home of Konstantsaliev, which you can explore. The name of the 400 year old house comes from its owner. Following a restoration in 1958, the building is now also used as a museum that documents the lifestyle of the local population in the 19th century.

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Ruins of Nicopolis ad Istrum

The ruins of the Roman city Nicopolis ad Istrum are about 20 kilometers north from Veliko Tarnovo, on the road to Ruse, 3 kilometers southeast of the village Nikyup on the left bank of the Rosica River.
The city was founded during the 2nd century by the Roman Emperor Trayan, in honor of his victory over the Dacians in the year 106. For this reason, the city was sometimes known as the City of Victory on the Danube. Located at a crossroads of North, South, East and West, the city reached its peak during the reign of the Severans (from the end of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 3rd century). During this period, more than 1,000 types of bronze coins were cut in the city. The city was laid out in an orthogonal system, i.e. straight streets, oriented on the four cardinal directions, intersecting at right angles.
In the beginning, the city did not have defenses, and it was devastated by the Barbarians in 172. After the devastation, 8 meter walls were built around the city, above which rose 12 meter high towers. The power supply of the city is provided by three aqueducts, the longest reaches 26 kilometers.
Remains of public buildings, temples, and shops attest to the prosperity of the city. Excavations made by archaeologists and conservation work have helped to return this city lost in the 7th century (destroyed in an attack by the Avars, according to historians). We encourage you to visit this place if you have an interest in the Roman era.

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Medieval City of Cherven

The medieval city of Cherven, founded by the Thracians, was one of the most important centers of the Second Bulgarian Empire (11th-14th centuries). Its strategic location and proximity to the then capital of Veliko Tarnovo ensured the development of the city. Once it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, the city began to decline.
Despite centuries of oblivion and ruin, visitors can still see the ruins of the city. The place is not a very well-known tourist location, but has had a great contribution to the study of the history of the Second Bulgarian Empire. Baldwin Tower in Veliko Tarnovo is a copy of one of the 14th century towers of Cherven.
For people fascinated by medieval castles, this place would be very interesting, due to the minimal human intervention making it one of the best preserved medieval castles in Bulgaria.

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Orlova Chuka Cave

The Orlova Chuka Cave is located in a beautiful natural park, and features both interesting speleology (stalagmites, stalactites, draperies etc.) and archaeological finds from the Bronze Age, as well as more recent discoveries from the Thracian and Roman eras.
The cave was discovered accidentally by a shepherd in 1941. It has been available for visitors since 1959, and new chambers are constantly being discovered. With a total length of 13,155 meters, the cave is the second largest in Bulgaria, only after the Duhlata cave located near the town of Pernik.
Today, visitors can only see the top floor of the cave, which is about three kilometers long. The temperature in the cave is a constant 14 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Visitors can see valuable items, such as bones of bears, wolves and deer, as well as ancient spearheads and knives, which indicate human presence in the cave during the Neolithic era.
The cave also has very beautiful formations. In particular the “Big Stalactite”, with a height of 3.5 meters and a diameter of 50 centimeters is located in the “Concert Hall” chamber, where sounds resembling musical instruments can be heard. Perhaps the most interesting is the “Spring” chamber. Legends say that those who drink water from this spring will be granted one wish. In addition, if you look carefully on the walls of the cave, you will see many figures.
The cave is inhabited year-round by 10,000 bats. You can get close to them and even touch them, but be careful because if you wake them up it could be fatal for them, depending on the weather. All of these species are protected by law, as they are conducive to agriculture. Once you exit the cave you can climb the cliff and enjoy some superb views of the park.

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Basarbovo Monastery

The Basarbovo Monastery is nestled in the valley of the Rusenski Lom River, near the village of Basarbovo and 10 kilometers from the city of Ruse. It is the only active Bulgarian rock monastery.
The monks of the monastery dug their churches and cells into the limestone rocks in order to live in deprivation, silence and constant prayer, with the sole purpose to see and follow the path of Christ.
According to historical research, the Basarbovo Monastery is dedicated to the Saints Theodore Tyron and Theodore Stratelates. Queen Theodora donated to the monastery – she was the first wife of Tsar Ivan Alexander and daughter of Ivanko Basarab, the founder of the first Wallachia Dynasty. This is where the monastery originated from. Ivanko Basarab, being father of the Queen, was the owner of this land.
The most famous monk of the monastery is St. Demetrius Basarbovski, who spent his entire life there. Therefore, the feast of the monastery is on the 26th of October – the day of St. Demetrius. Since 2005, the monastery has been revitalized with the construction of new structures in the rocks, as well as renovation of the existing structures.

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Day 7

In the land of the Bulgarian Khans

RuseSveshtariMadaraVarna

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Premade route

Additional detours

Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

Sveshtari

Tomb of Demir Baba Tekke

Sveshtari

Shumen

Madara Horseman

Madara

The Stone Forest

Varna

Varna - The Pearl of the Black Sea

Varna

Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

In the morning you will head towards the town of Isperih, and more specifically the village of Sveshtari, whose surroundings hold one of the most beautiful monuments of Thracian culture.

The Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari is part of the Sboryanovo Historical and Architectural Reserve, located in northeastern Bulgaria, 2.5 kilometers from the village of Sveshtari. It was discovered in 1982 during excavations of the Ginini Barrow. Three tombs were discovered, one of which belonged to a royal, as well as knowledge of funerary traditions and art that rivals even the most beautiful Egyptian tombs. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
The Thracian tomb dates back from the 3rd century. It was probably used for the burial of a Thracian ruler. The dimensions of the chamber are remarkable: 7.5 meters long, 6.5 meters wide, and 4.45 meters tall. The tomb is in the form of a corridor with three square chambers: an entrance, burial chamber, and side chamber. The things that attract visitors are the polychrome frescoes and the half-man half-plant caryatids.
In the burial chamber lays the remains of the ruler. The ceiling of the tomb is supported by statues of 10 female figures with arms raised to a height of 1.2 meters. These 10 female statues as well as the decorations on the windows are only found in Thracian lands. The decorations on the walls and ceiling, which are unfinished, show that the ruler who the temple was built for died suddenly. The human bones and those of five horses attest to the wealth and high societal status of the ruler.

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Tomb of Demir Baba Tekke

The Tomb of Demir Baba Tekke is part of the Sboryanovo reserve, located in northeast Bulgaria near the village of Sveshtari. This is a tomb revered by Christians and Muslims alike, and is included in the list of 100 national historic sites.
The tekke (tomb) was once the grounds of a prehistoric cult, later becoming a Thracian sanctuary. A six-angled dome rises above the mausoleum. The stones from the earlier sanctuaries were used in its construction. A small shrine with a polygonal shape and pointed roof is attached to it, and features wonderful paintings and murals.
It is believed that this is the tomb of St. Demir Baba. Followers of Alevism, one of which was Demir Baba, do not celebrate the usual Islamic rituals, but honor the graves of their saints. A place of worship named Teke was built around the tomb, with a sacred spring.

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Shumen

The town of Shumen, and the surrounding region, offers a glimpse into the pages of history through its ancient remains and will immerse you in historical the atmosphere that prevails throughout...
Here you will find the largest mosque in Bulgaria, and the 2nd largest in the Balkan Peninsula – the Tombul Mosque. Other things to see in Shumen are the monument to the founders of Bulgaria, artwork that was created to commemorate the 13 centuries since the establishment of the Bulgarian state (the only way to get there is up a flight of 1300 stairs), remains of the Shumen Fortress, located in the highest point of the town, and the Historical Museum.
The region is exceptionally rich and history and allows you to explore the glorious past of the Bulgarian Khans. In fact, the first two capital cities of Bulgaria (Pliska and Preslav) are found in this part of the country.

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Madara Horseman

One place associated with Bulgarian history that deserves to be seen. A couple kilometers from Shumen, you will discover the Madara Horseman.
The stone relief is carved into the side of a mountain, and is about 23 meters above the ground. It depicts the first proto-Bulgarian symbol, a horseman with a spear in his hand pointed towards a lion with a snake in its mouth. Accompanying the rider are the images of two animals, a dog and an eagle. The inscriptions depict events that took place between the years 705 to 831, including many wars with the Byzantine Empire and their resulting negotiations. The Madara Horseman is a designated UNESCO world heritage site; the symbolic power of this monument can be found on the Bulgarian coins. Getting to the Horseman is no small task, visitors must climb a flight of 225 stairs. The museum found in the Madara reservation welcomes you to learn more about this unique monument and its time period.

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The Stone Forest

You will continue towards the city of Varna.

About 18 kilometers from the city of Varna is found one of the most unbelievable natural phenomenon of Bulgaria – Pobitite Kamani, or “Stone Forest”. These strange stone pillars, some of which reach up to 6 meters, are located in a 7 square kilometer area. Their origin is still up for debate. Some say they are natural formations, while others believe that they are ruins of an ancient city. Legends claim that the pillars are actually petrified soldiers on a battlefield.

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Varna - The Pearl of the Black Sea

You will arrive in Varna.

The ancient city of Varna, still known today as the “Pearl of the Black Sea”, has an international reputation for its past and its continuous development. In fact, this seaside resort has preserved many relics of the past, but also offers visitors beautiful sandy beaches, green gardens, and a modern downtown area. The numerous shops, restaurants, trendy cafes, and cultural sites create a very genuine atmosphere. During the summer, Varna becomes one of the main cultural centers of Bulgaria.
Some famous and interesting places to visit in the city are the Archaeological Museum (where you can see the oldest worked gold in the world), the Naval Museum and Botanical Garden, the magnificent gilded dome Cathedral, and the Roman Baths. Varna is a city full of charm, with a rich historic past, and a dynamic present.

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Marin Krastev House

Malak Porovets

Shumen Historical Museum

Shumen

Tombul Mosque

Shumen

Pliska National Archaeological and Historical Reservation

Shumen

Veliki Preslav Archaeological Reserve

Veliki Preslav

Ovech Fortress

Provadia

Museum of Mosaics

Devnya

Marin Krastev House

The house with wood carvings by the craftsman Marin Krastev is located in the small village of Porovets, near the town of Isperih. Marin Krastev was a self-taught craftsman. He began work on the decoration of his house following his retirement, a project that lasted 13 years.
Every corner of the house is decorated entirely with wood carvings. The craftsman’s hhand has left its mark on every object in the house – furniture, walls, and ceilings. Each part of the house is named, which is evidence of the attention, care, and love that Krastev put into each of his works: the Arab Room, White Room, and the family altar.
This unique museum near the Demir Baba Tekke and Sveshtari tombs immerses visitors into the beautiful world of this self-taught artist who showed a powerful imagination and will to finish the job. We recommend a visit.

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Shumen Historical Museum

The Shumen Historical Museum is located in the city center, and is one of the most interesting museums in the country. In its eight permanent exhibition halls are displayed objects from the 5th millennium BC to the twentieth century. Do not hesitate to contact your local guide for a chance to witness the historical artifacts shown in the museum. A visit here will help you get to know the history of Shumen and the surrounding area.

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Tombul Mosque

The Sherif Halil Pasha Mosque, also known as the Tombul Mosque, is located near the center of Shumen. Built in 1774, the architecture of the mosque draws influence from an early 18th century oriental style called “Tulip” architecture, which is characterized by the presence of elements French Baroque style. It is the largest mosque in Bulgaria and the 2nd largest in the Balkan Peninsula after the Sultan Selim mosque, which is located in Edirne, Turkey.
Built on an area of 1730 square meters, the mosque includes some very large courtyards. It is one of the most visited tourist sites in the Shumen region.

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Pliska National Archaeological and Historical Reservation

A great stop for history lovers, near the Madara Horseman, lies the first capital of Bulgaria, Pliska. Today you can visit what remains of the town, as it is now an outdoor museum that welcomes visitors.

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Veliki Preslav Archaeological Reserve

Another important site in the region is the ruins of the second Bulgarian capital - Veliki Preslav.

The city of Veliki Preslav was founded over 1100 years ago, during the reign of Tsar Boris I (852-889). The city became the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 893, and quickly became one of the most beautiful and glorious cities of Southeastern Europe. This was the beginning of the Golden age of Bulgaria during the reign of Tsar Simeon I (893-927).

The remains of many monuments in the walled old section of the town reveal its long history. The museum preserves valuable objects found in archaeological excavations. It is a fascinating visit for people interested in history and ancient stones.

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Ovech Fortress

The Ovech Fortress is located east of the small town of Provadia. The fortress was built by the Byzantines and operated from the 4th to the 7th century before being conquered by the Bulgarians. The fortress is known by many names. The Byzantines referred to it as Provat or Provaton, the Bulgarians Ovech, while the Turks called it Tash Hisar, which means “stone castle” in Turkish.
Today the castle still remains, a witness of many long years. Some remains include walls and towers, and several wells with a depth of 79 meters, not to mention the breathtaking view of Provadia and the surroundings. The nature and cultural enrichment make this a great place for a walk.

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Museum of Mosaics

A little before Varna, you can visit the Museum of Mosaics, located in the town of Devnya. This museum is “in situ”, and is housed in a building specially made for the protection of the items discovered there. In 1976, a large Roman building with beautiful mosaics was unearthed there during an archaeological excavation. The museum is situated one part of the foundations of the ancient building, which is believed to be from the reign of Emperor Constantine I at the end of the 3rd or early 4th century. The building is a large urban villa, and occupied an entire neighborhood in the ancient Roman city Marcianopolis, which was one of the largest Roman cities in this part of the empire. Typical of the houses of this era, it features a courtyard surrounded by residential buildings and colonnades on three sides. Five of the rooms and the entrance are covered with colorful mosaics that are among the best examples of mosaics in the Roman era found in Bulgaria. Three of the mosaics in the museum are still in the rooms that they were found in, and the other two were moved onto a new support base after a partial restoration. The mosaics are made of small pebbles, cubes of marble, limestone, clay and 16 different colors of glass. The museum is an enriching place to visit and discover more about this ancient art, represented here in all its glory and beauty.

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Day 8

Charm of Old Nessebar

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Premade route

Additional detours

Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral

Varna

Varna Archaelogical Museum

Varna

Free time in Varna

Varna

Varna Maritime Garden

Varna

Kamchia Nature Preserve

Kamtchia

Kamchia Boat Ride

Kamtchia

Nesebar

Nessebar

Church of St. Stephen

Nessebar

Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral

The Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral in Varna was opened in 1886 and is a symbol of the city. The rich decorations, ornaments and paintings leave visitors amazed. In 2002, a renovation which enriched the Cathedral’s domes with gold and silver was completed.

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Varna Archaelogical Museum

The Varna Archaeological Museum, housed in a neo-Baroque style building built from 1892-1898, is sure to be a thrill for anyone with an interest in history. The ground floor exhibits are dedicated to prehistory and antiquity. This is where the oldest gold jewelry in the world, discovered in the necropolis nearby, are kept. The upstairs depicts important events in Bulgarian history and the development of the iconographic schools.

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Free time in Varna

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Varna Maritime Garden

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Kamchia Nature Preserve

About 34 kilometers from Varna is the mouth of the Kamchia River, one of the most beautiful places on the coast. The nature preserve is located 25 kilometers south of Varna, and is in close proximity to the Kamchia and Shkorpilovtsi resorts. One of the largest deposits of leucojum flowers in Bulgaria is found on the preserve grounds. There are also many animals found in the forest, such as deer, wild boars, foxes, wild cats and many others. There are lots of different kinds of birds in the region, some of which (56 in total) are included in the Red Book of Bulgaria. The Kamchia river is home to about 25 species of fish, which make up the majority of the Bulgarian freshwater fish population. The Kamchia preserve helps protect this wealth of diverse flora and fauna.

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Kamchia Boat Ride

Take a boat ride on the river Kamchia; discover and enjoy the beauty of this natural reservoir. The relaxing ride lasts about 40 minutes.

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Nesebar

Founded by the Thracians at the end of the second millennium before Christ, Nesebar has a rich history and great sea resort, due to its strategic location. The town’s exceptional Byzantine architectural style, famous churches, Renaissance houses, and cobblestone streets have earned it a spot on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. When walking the Byzantine-esque streets it feels as though you have been immersed in another time, and that feeling is reinforced by the fact that vehicles are prohibited on the peninsula. The St. Stephen, St. John Aliturgetos, St. Spas, and Christ Pantocrator are some of the many churches available to visit here. Nesebar is a town that combines a rich culture and history with a festive atmosphere, with many beaches and seaside resorts nearby.

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Church of St. Stephen

The Church of Saint Stephen was built somewhere from the 11th to 13th centuries and underwent two expansions in the 16th and 18th centuries. It is a basilica made of stone blocks and bricks. The craftsmen utilized many decorative elements from early Christian monuments in its construction.
The frescoes found in the church date back to the year 1599 and were illustrated by three master painters. Over 1000 figures are presented in 258 different combinations. The rich architecture, 11th century iconostasis and brilliant frescoes, this church is a true monument to the cultural heritage of Bulgaria.

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Aladzha Rock Monastery

Varna

Roman Baths (Thermae) - Varna

Varna

Byala

Irakli Beach

Irakli

Sunny Beach

Church of the Holy Saviour (St. Spas) - Nesebar

Nessebar

Church of Christ Pantocrator

Nessebar

Nesebar Archaeological Museum

Nessebar

Ethnographic Museum - Nesebar

Nessebar

Aladzha Rock Monastery

The Aladzha Monastery is located 16 kilometers from Varna. It is one of the few monasteries in Bulgaria (4 in total) that is cut into the side of a mountain, and has not been active for a long time. Not much is left from the monastery life except a couple of frescoes on the ceilings. It began being carved in the 4th century, and took its final shape during the 12th century. The two-level chambers of the monastery are carved into a tall limestone cliff. Near the monastery you can find a small archaeological museum, a large courtyard, and some grassy areas with benches and tables. Also nearby is a similar monastery complex (with catacombs), which is smaller and less well preserved.
The Aladzha Monastery is one the many monasteries carved into the mountains on the north coast during the 13th and 14th centuries. According to researchers, it was one of more than 500 monasteries dedicated to Hesychasm (the teachings of the Divine Energy).

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Roman Baths (Thermae) - Varna

The Roman Baths, dating back to the end of the 3rd century, attest to the greatness of Odessos (Varna) and its inhabitants during the Roman Empire. Although only the ruins remain today, they still retain traces of the delightful architectural spirt of the past.

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Irakli Beach

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Sunny Beach

Sunny Beach is the largest beach resort in Bulgaria, established in 1958. Situated on a beautiful sandy beach, this complex has more than 160 hotels, lots of entertainment, and night life is in full swing until dawn. A frequented modern summer resort, what makes it attractive is its proximity to the beautiful ancient city of Nesebar. It is possible to reach Nesebar by the train, which runs along the coastal road. The other options are by boat, by car or by bus. If you go to Sunny Beach by car, be careful while parking, the barrier is not far away.

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Church of the Holy Saviour (St. Spas) - Nesebar

The Church of the Holy Saviour (St. Spas) was constructed in 1609 with donations from wealthy residents of Nesebar (their names are inscribed above the south entrance). It is built in a single nave and apse form, with a length of 11.7 meters and a width of 5.7 meters. The eastern side of the church is half dug into the ground. Inside, the church is completely covered with frescoes made by an unknown artist in the early 17th century. It is used today as a museum.

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Church of Christ Pantocrator

The Church of Christ Pantocrator was built in the 13th – 14th century. This is one of the most impressive and best preserved churches in Nesebar, characterized by its picturesque architectural style. The church is a rectangular structure with dimensions of 15.95 meters by 6.7 meters. It has two entrances, one to the west and one to the south. The interior has traces of the frescoes that covered the old church in the past.

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Nesebar Archaeological Museum

The Nesebar Archaeological Museum is among the most visited places in Nesebar. Its four halls preserve the ancient history of the town and present it in a modern and entertaining way for visitors.
In the “Mesembria and Thracians” exhibit you can find everyday objects used by the Thracians, the oldest of which date back to the 12th century B.C. The second hall, “Pontic Polis Mesembria”, contains rare funerary objects found, such as the four urns found in the Nesebar Necropolis. The third hall, “Mesembria under Rome, Byzantium, and Bulgaria”, houses objects from these three eras. The town went through its greatest period of development during the era of the Second Bulgarian Empire, attested to by the various 13th and 14th century churches found throughout. The final exhibition hall is devoted to iconic art. After Bulgaria was freed from Ottoman rule, the town established the School of Painting, which reached its peak in the 15th – 16th century. The museum preserves about 250 icons created by local painters who decorated the dozens of churches in the town. The oldest icons found here date back to the 13th century.

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Ethnographic Museum - Nesebar

The Ethnographic Exposition is located in the Moskoyani House of Nesebar, which was built in 1840 for a wealthy Greek merchant. A two story house with a first floor of stone and second floor of wood, it is a typical example of the local architecture. Inside, you can discover the main history of the town and important events that ensured the prosperity of the city in the past. Engravings and descriptions of travelers who visited the town during the 17th – 19th centuries can be seen here, as well as traditional costumes and household items from the early 20th century. One room is furnished according to local tradition, the other contains traditional clothing of settlers from Vardar Macedonia, a female costume from enidzhevardarsko, parts of male and female costumes, and a collection of forged buckles.

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Day 9

An authentic village

NessebarBurgasSozopolZheravna

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Premade route

Additional detours

Burgas

Sozopol

Zheravna

Burgas

Burgas is located on a large bay of the Black Sea. Two lakes surround this city, which was founded over 2000 years ago by the Romans. A fishing town during the 19th century completely destroyed by a fire in the 19th century, today it is the most important industrial port and the 4th largest city in Bulgaria. Varna is considered the capital of coastal Bulgaria, but what distinguishes Burgas is without a doubt is its artistic imprint and way of life. It is said that the residents of the city are very warm, friendly, and welcome guests. Their Identity and artistic spirit is inseparable from the Black Sea. In the city of Burgas there is a beautiful garden which winds all along the coast of the Sea.

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Sozopol

The former city of Appollonia was the largest and richest city on the Black Sea coast. It was a great artistic and commercial center, and evidence of that time still remains. Today, Sozopol is perhaps one of the most beautiful places in Bulgaria and a favorite city of artists, due to its special atmosphere. It welcomes many diverse visitors, but has kept its charm with its beautiful beaches located on the small bay.

The main sites of Sozopol are many, but none of them should be seen alone, as they all add to the overall feeling of the city. In Sozopol you will find old churches from the Bulgarian Revival period, such as the St. Zosim Church and the Church of the Virgin Mary. Also, there are many old houses made from beautiful dark wood, some of which are adapted for visitors, like the house of Dimitar Laskaridis (17^th century) which is now an art gallery, the Anna Trendafilova House, and many others.
You can also visit an interesting archaeological museum. One can easily picture old women sitting on the benches engaging in lively conversation on the ancient cobbled streets of the old city, while beautiful embroidered carriages pass by and local traders sell fig jam, all part of the magical atmosphere of the city that can now only be felt. Sozopol hosts many cultural events, including the Appollonia Festival of Arts, which is held in August and is a scene of Bulgarian and foreign artists and their crafts (theater, art, concerts, etc.). This is one of the most popular evens on the Black Sea. The city has many attractions for kids, dance and music festivals, workshops, various competitions and playgrounds.

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Zheravna

You will arrive in Zheravana.

Zheravna is one of the most beautiful typical Bulgarian villages, pleasantly situated in the stunning Bulgarian nature. It will charm you with an atmosphere that only it possesses, with museum houses, taverns, and warm hospitable people. There plenty of things to see here – the Church of St. Nicholas, the collection of icons from the 16th and 17th centuries, and the Yordan Yovkov museum house, where you can discover the traditional style of the village. Also, there is the Rusi Chorbadzhi house, in which can be found a small collection of carpets, and the house of Sava Filaretov.
Walking tours of the region are also very nice because you have the opportunity to learn more about the nature in the area. There is great fish and game diversity, which is proven by the local specialty dishes in the taverns.
This village allows you to touch feel the hospitality and mountain spirit that permeates through its streets.
Many villages in the region, such as Ichera, Katunishte Gradets, Medven, and Kotel specialize in the production of carpets. We recommend a visit to the museum of carpets in the town of Kotel.

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Pomorie

Antique Beehive Tomb - Pomorie

Pomorie

Salt Museum - Pomorie

Pomorie

Pomorie Natural Reservation

Pomorie

Burgas Saltpans

Burgas

Burgas Archaeological Museum

Burgas

Sozopol Archaeological Museum

Sozopol

Minkov Brothers Winery - Venets

Venets

Kotel

Carpet Museum - Kotel

Kotel

Rusi Chorbadzhi House - Zheravna

Zheravna

Sava Filaretov House - Zheravna

Zheravna

Church of St. Nicholas - Zheravna

Zheravna

Zheravna Art Gallery

Zheravna

Yordan Yovkov House - Zheravna

Zheravna

Pomorie

The town of Pomorie is located 22 kilometers from Burgas and has a population of 14,000. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, thanks to the favorable weather conditions, healing mud and mineral water, salt production, and of course the wonderful sandy beaches.
The earliest traces of human activity in the region date back to the 6th millennium B.C. Later on, during the Roman era, Pomerie experienced great progress, and then was built on a new location to allow further development of the town.
In later centuries the city continued to occupy an important strategic point. During the Middle Ages, the area was often a field of confrontation between Bulgarians and Byzantines, before it fell under Ottoman rules in 1453. To learn more about the history of the city and its traditions, we recommend a visit to the Pomorie Historical Museum, the Salt Museum, and the neighborhood with old houses.

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Antique Beehive Tomb - Pomorie

The Ancient Thracian Tomb in Pomorie is situated in the western part of the town, near the main road between Burgas and Pomorie. It dates back to the 2nd or 3rd century; historians believe that it was used as a mausoleum for a wealthy family from the ancient city Anhialo, and a place for pagan cult celebrations.
The tomb consists of a corridor (dromos) with a length of 22 meters, and a circular chamber with a diameter of 11.60 meters and a height of 5.5 meters. Built out of stone and brick, it differentiates itself with its hollow circular column, a unique architectural structure in the Balkans. Inside the column there is a spiral stone staircase that allows access to the top of the tomb. In the inner wall of the tomb there are 5 niches, which housed the urns of the deceased. Historians suggest that the walls were covered with paintings, of which there are only traces of green plaster.
The perfection of the architecture and construction are very impressive. Historians are still trying to figure out the secrets of the sponge-shaped dome. Some believe that the stairs leading underground allowed the priests to communicate with the dead, and talk to the gods when on top of the mound.
This amazing place is definitely worth a visit, and the secrets that it holds will certainly make you think.

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Salt Museum - Pomorie

The Salt Museum in Pomorie was opened in 2002, and tracks the city’s experience of extraction salt by means of solar evaporation through the centuries. This is the only museum of its kind in Bulgaria and Eastern Europe.
The museum collections present the technology of our ancestors, used in the production of sea salt in Pomorie. The museum has a hall of expositions and two acres of saltpans. Photographs, maps and solar tools depict the development of activities that have taken place in the region over the past two centuries.
The methods used for the production of sea salt in the museum are the same as those used in ancient times. Visitors can see the all the different steps of the production first hand, exchange information with specialists and experience the work and its local significance. In fact, according to historians, salt pans have existed here from the 5th century B.C. and were instrumental in the founding and development of the town.
The Pomorie Reserve Museum is located near the Salt Museum.

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Pomorie Natural Reservation

Pomorie Lake is located north of the town of Pomorie. It is a very salty, naturally formed lagoon which is part of the Burgas Lakes. A sandy shore and an artificial dike separate it from the Black Sea. The sand on the shore is black, due to its iron oxide contents.
The lake has a rectangular shape, with a length of 6.7 kilometers and a width of 2 kilometers. It is connected to the Black Sea through a channel on its southern side. The climate is particularly favorable, with plenty of sunshine and moderate temperatures in the summer.
The bottom of the lake is covered with black mud, rich in minerals and trace elements. This gives the mud healing properties, which have been utilized since ancient times. Pomorie is a preferred destination for spa and wellness vacations in the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Today, the mud is used to treat skin diseases and musculoskeletal ailments, as well as for cosmetics and beauty treatments.
The northern part of the lake has been used for salt extraction for more than 20 centuries. The high salinity has created a unique environment that is suited for a variety of plant and animals organisms.
There are over 87 different plant species, as well as 71 species of algae in the waters of Lake Pomorie. There are 200 types of fish, and 17 types of amphibians and reptiles, some of which are rare and endangered globally: the Greek Tortoise (Testudo Graeca), Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo Hermanni), plain pond turtle (Emys Orbicularis), Balkan Green Lizard and the Crimean Lizard (Podarcis Taurica). The sand that separates the lake from the sea is host to many different species of vegetation.
The second largest bird migration route in Europe – the Via Pontica – passes over Pomorie Lake. This explains the great variety of birds here. There are about 269 bird species which nest here and migrate during the winter. There are 57 species which nest in the lake area year round.
There are 31 species of mammals, including the smallest mammal in the world, the Etruscan pygmy shrew (Suncus Etruscus).
To protect its biodiversity, Pomorie Lake was declared a protected area, with a total area of 760 hectares. Internationally, the lake is classified as a Ramsar site by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
You can get more information at the center dedicated to the conservation of the lake. In the halls there are many pictures and information about the lives of the inhabitants of the lake, as well as movie screenings. The second floor offers a beautiful view of the reservation where you can monitor the wild residents of the reserve with the provided binoculars.
You can also take a walk along two marked trails. The first is great for bird lovers, the second for lovers of botany.

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Burgas Saltpans

More than 1,000 people a day come to the Burgas Saltpans to receive free salt and mud treatments. In fact the rumors of their healing effects have been going around for about 14 by word of mouth, leading to this becoming the largest makeshift outdoor sanatorium in Bulgaria. People from all over the country, as well as foreigners, come to witness their miraculous qualities.
One can find numerous testimonials on the Internet, but it would be best to see it yourself. It is a unique and fun experience. As for the health benefits, according to testimonials you must visit 10 to 15 times to feel the effects.

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Burgas Archaeological Museum

The archeological exhibition shows remains dating from prehistory to the Middle Ages. A special collection is dedicated to the history of navigation from the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C.

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Sozopol Archaeological Museum

The Archaeological Museum in Sozopol is found in the Old Quarters of the city. The museum traces the history and the millennia old cultural traditions of the city from the late 6th century B.C. to the 17th century. The museum is separated into two areas: Archaeology and Christian Art (17th-19th centuries). The museum houses an alabaster casket which held the relics of St. John the Baptist, and a small box with a Greek inscription describing the journey of the relics to the island of St. Ivan. They were discovered in 2010 during archaeological excavations on the island. Today, the relics are kept in the church of St. Cyril and Methodius.

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Minkov Brothers Winery - Venets

On the way to Zheravna you will pass through some large vineyards.

The Minkov Brothers Winery is located on the main road between Sliven and Karnobat, near the village of Venets. Built on a small hill, the winery boasts stunning views of the vineyard (300 hectares), and the surrounding region.
The offered tastings of red and white wines will take you to the land of Dionysus. You can take a tour of two underground tunnels that store more than 6,000 French and American oak barrels, maintained at a consistent temperature.
The location of the winery was not chosen at random. In fact, the local and tribal traditions of winemaking in the area allow the production of high quality wines with character. The winery holds some of the awards given to the Minkov brothers, who made wines famous in the region during the late 19th century. Their wines won several awards at international competitions, including the first gold medal in Brussels, in 1894. In a specially built museum complex, there are several preserved old vessels for storing wine, as well as 5th and 6th century red ceramics found in the region. This will help give visitors a clear idea of the region’s history and the Minkov family.

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Kotel

Kotel is found in a picturesque valley in the eastern part of the Balkans. It is a historical and cultural center, a fortress of the Bulgarian soul. Many revolutionaries and artists have lived here and left an incredible mark on its resilient character. In the old Galata neighborhood sits the school Galantskoto, which is an architectural monument from 1869. There, in the “Old Kotel Fabrics” exhibit, you can find many colorful carpets, original carvings and a collection of panels with religious themes. The surrounding villages beautifully complement this “ethnographic exhibition”.

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Carpet Museum - Kotel

Handed down from generation to generation, the production of carpets in our country has a long tradition. In Bulgaria there are two distinguished schools in the craft, those in Kotel and Chiprovtsi. They glorified Bulgarian carpet making, and of course the craftsmen themselves, worldwide.
Carpets produced in these areas are of a very high quality, which makes for a good local and international market.
There are two theories pertaining to the origin of weaving in Kotel. According to the first, the business came from Chiprovtsi after manufacturers fled the city following a bloody massacre in 1688. According to the second, contacts of local merchants with George brought the craft and enabled the development of trade in Kotel.
Historical information on the Kotel carpet industry is very limited, as the majority of the town was ravaged by fire in 1894. Fortunately, the Ethnographic Museum has preserved 34 carpets, the oldest of them dating back to 1860.
The carpets impress with their beauty, vitality, and harmony of colors. It would be fair to say that their production involved talented artist who have shown their affinity for beauty in their work. Kotel carpets emanate the great spirit of Kotel women – wives, mothers, and master artists. Many companies owe their origin to the raising of sheep. Men were often in the north, in the region of Dobrogea breeding sheep and the woman remained in Kotel to look after the homes and raise children. Contact with the Ottoman Empire led to the development of trade and manufacture of carpets.
Each rug is a unique expression of spirituality, and the creative mix of aspiration towards perfection, beauty, freedom, and sadness of the oppressed Christians. That is why each carpet has its own name in accordance with the image recreated on the carpet. The carpets are adorned with images of the letter K (for Kotel), swords as a call for freedom, or objects used in Christian rituals. At the end of the 19th century, women used natural colors extracted from plants and herbs from the surrounding mountains. Today, the colors of the carpets are still sharp and expressive, unlike that of those painted with aniline dyes.
During the communist period the business was industrialized, but trade declined due to the closing of the weaving and art schools. Today, new weavers continue to perpetuate the tradition, with domestic production of carpets using old techniques.
The manufacturing techniques are presented in the Museum of Carpets, which is housed in the Galantskoto school and dates back to 1869. It is the only public building that survived the fire in 1894. The exhibition presents the evolution in the production of carpets from its inception. You can see carpets from the 18th – 19th centuries, an explosion of colors that will long stay in your memory.

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Rusi Chorbadzhi House - Zheravna

The Rusi Chorbadzhi House is one of the oldest houses in the village of Zheravna. Spared from time and attacks from bandits, it was built for a wealthy merchant in the village. His personal fortune amounted to more than 30,000 animals. He was involved in trade. Local legends add to the interest in this house, which does not differ in outer appearance from the other houses. This was probably to not attract attention from malicious people.
The decoration of the interior of the house is much more extravagant, with special attention given to small details. Today it houses a number of exhibits that trace the various crafts from the Renaissance period, such as tools used for weaving and fine linen fabrics. The house museum allows you to go back in time and witness history.
On the second floor, the house hosts an ethnographic collection that reveals the lifestyle of the rich families of the village during the Bulgarian Revival. The well maintained yard, laden with flowers, complements the atmosphere of the architectural complex, which dates back to more than 300 years.

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Sava Filaretov House - Zheravna

Sava Filaretov is one of the greatest personalities of the Bulgarian Revival. A teacher, he was one of the founders of modern Bulgarian academia.
His thirst for knowledge led him from Bulgaria to Istanbul, and then to Odessa to complete his education at the University of Moscow. He was nicknamed Filaret – lover of virtue. After his return to Bulgaria, he performed miracles with the education system of Bulgaria. He quickly became an inconvenience for Turkish authorities and fled to Russia. Soon thereafter he contracted tuberculosis and died in Cairo in 1863. He was 37 years old.
Today, his birthplace, which is more than 200 years old, is open to visitors. His house is full of richly decorated wood carvings and is one of the best preserved houses in the village. The rooms in the house vary according to their purpose, which is characteristic of the Renaissance houses.
The house, now a museum, depicts the life of Sava Filaretov and his family, and their everyday life. The exhibition provides rich and detailed information about life in Zheravna during the Renaissance.

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Church of St. Nicholas - Zheravna

The Church of St. Nicholas was built and blessed in 1834. It was decorated from 1834 – 1840 by iconographic artists from Tryavna and Elena. During the years of Ottoman rule, the church played an important role in maintaining Christianity in the region. Today, whether it’s a religious holiday or an exhibition of its icons, some of which are double-sided, the church is one of the most visited in Zheravna.

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Zheravna Art Gallery

The Zheravna Art Gallery is located across from the Church of St. Nicholas and is housed in the school building, built in 1867. The exhibit includes over 450 works by local and foreign artists. The gallery hosts the annual temporary exhibitions of paintings and ethnographic exhibitions of Bulgarian museums

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Yordan Yovkov House - Zheravna

In Zheravna you will have the chance to visit the birthplace of the great Bulgarian writer Yordan Yovkov (1880-1937)at “High Hill”. The writer lived here until age 13, when he left the village to live with his family in northern part of Bulgaria, in the Dobrudzha region.
In 1957 the house was converted into a museum and shows the conditions in which he grew up. The house is modest and small, with rooms, crockery, and furniture typical of the region. The works of Yovkov are translated into more than 20 languages.

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Day 10

Plovdiv - Ancient and Timeless

ZheravnaSlivenPlovdiv

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Additional detours

Sliven

Plovdiv

Ancient Forum and Odeon - Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Ancient Stadium - Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Dzhumaya Mosque

Plovdiv

Old Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Ancient Roman Amphitheater - Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Saints Konstantin and Elena Church - Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Hisar Kapia (Fortress Gate)

Plovdiv

Nebet Tepe

Plovdiv

Sliven

The historic town of Sliven, town of the 100 chieftains and a glorious past, is located at the foot of the Balkan Mountains. Its massive buildings and wide pedestrian zone in the center of the city show that the town was the richest and most prestigious in the country, during its prime.
Today, the peacefulness of its large park, friendly inhabitants, and proximity to unspoiled nature make this medium sized town an interesting starting point to explore other regions. The main one would be the Blue Rocks National Park above the city, which immerses visitors in a magical atmosphere.
While on a walk around the town, do not hesitate to visit the Old Elm in the town center, which is about 1000 years old. It was voted the European tree of the year in 2014.

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Plovdiv

You will continue on the highway towards the city of Plovdiv.

Situated on the banks of the Maritsa River and on seven hills, Plovdiv is the second largest city in Bulgaria, and is a major tourist location with lots of culture and history. It is one of the oldest cities in all of Europe.
Plovdiv has been through many changes throughout the centuries. A prehistoric village was discovered on one of the hills, and in the 12th century B.C. this village became the city of Plovdiv. In the 4th century B.C. the city was captured by the army of Philip II of Macedonia and was renamed Filipopolis.
The city became the administrative center for the Thrace region during the time of the Roman Empire. It was known then as Trimontium, the name referring to the three main hills of the city. The city reached the height of its development in the Roman era. During this period there were many improvements made to the city, such as the construction of large public buildings, paved streets, a large temple, a beautiful amphitheater, temples, baths and aqueducts, all surrounded by massive walls. In 1956, Plovdiv was declared an architectural reserve and in 1979 received an award for the protection of its heritage. Some places to visit are the St. Constantine and Elena church, where you can see icons made by the renowned Bulgarian artist Zahari Zograf, the Cuma Mosque, the Roman amphitheater found in the Old quarters of the city, and the main pedestrian street “Prince Alexander Battenburg”, which features a wonderful neo-Baroque architectural style. With many museums and attractions to visit, there will be no shortage of things to see in this city.

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Ancient Forum and Odeon - Plovdiv

You can begin your tour of the city at the Central Square, found at the start of the pedestrian area. Behind the post office you will find the ruins of a Roman forum.

The Ancient Odeon was central to life in Plovdiv during the time of the Romans. Many important political, economic, and social events took place here. Built late in the 1st century, it is the largest Odeon in Bulgaria. It is located in the northern part of the stadium. The Odeon has a capacity of 300-500 people and served the needs of the city council. Today it is used for musical, theater, and literary events.

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Ancient Stadium - Plovdiv

If you continue along the pedestrian street you will reach the Ancient Stadium, built at the start of the 2nd century during the reign of Emperor Adrian. It is located in the northern part of the city, between the hills of Taksim Tepe and Sahat Tepe. The stadium accommodated 30,000 spectators who came to enjoy the events there. It was the largest stadium of its time, with a length of 240 meters and a width of 50 meters.
Today, the visible part of the stadium is a small part of the whole. It was a preferred meeting place for the locals, and a great starting point for exploring the Old Town and the other ancient landmarks found here.
The Ancient Stadium has a small museum with a space designed for showing 3d movies depicting Plovdiv as it was in the 2nd century (entrance fee required).

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Dzhumaya Mosque

The Dzhumaya Mosque is a Muslim shrine located in the center of Plovdiv, in the front part of the ancient ruins of the stadium. The mosque was built soon after the city was conquered by the Turks (1363-1364), in place of the St. Petka of Tarnovo Cathderal. During the reign of sultan Murad II the mosque was fully restored to its current appearance.
It is built in a rectangular shape with nine lead covered domes. The prayer room is 33 by 27 meters squared. In the northeast corner rise decorated minarets, built from red bricks. The interior of the mosque is filled with rich artwork depicting twigs, flowers, and wreaths, and quotes from the Koran. The frescoes are thought to date back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Today, the Dzhumaya Mosque is an active Muslim temple, open not only to worshippers but also to visitors. The mosque is a witness to the national respect for other cultures and religious tolerance.

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Old Plovdiv

If you follow the road on the right side of the mosque, you will enter the old part of the city.

Old Plovdiv is a place admired by all visitors, with its various preserved architectural structures spanning many different eras.
The remains of the Thracian civilization mingle with Roman monuments, while the old Turkish mosque adds some oriental flavor to a city where many consecutive and sometimes antagonistic civilizations have managed to combine the best of each other, giving Plovdiv its unique identity. But above all are the many preserved houses from the years of the National Awakening, which give this lively city a unique charm.

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Ancient Roman Amphitheater - Plovdiv

On the way back to the main pedestrian street of the city, you will come across the final, but no less important site.
The Roman Theater in Plovdiv is one of the most famous monuments in Bulgaria. It is located between two hills (Dzhambaz Tepe and Taksim Tepe). The lower level has 14 rows of seats, seven staircases define 6 vertical sections. The highest level is not fully intact and only the foundations remain. In its time, the theater could seat about 3,500 spectators. It was excavated and restored from 1968 to 1984. It has become a major tourist attraction and is home to many events, such as the Verdi Festival and the International Folklore Festival.

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Saints Konstantin and Elena Church - Plovdiv

If you climb the cobblestone street to the top of the hill you will reach the Saints Konstantin and Elena Church, one of the oldest Christian churches in Plovdiv.
In the year 304, in the place where the church is found today, the martyrs Severiyan and Memnos were beheaded, along with 38 of their followers. The church was founded about 30 years later to commemorate their sacrifice for the Christian faith.
The church was destroyed many times during Ottoman rule, and the current one dates back to 1832. Located in the heart of Old Plovdiv, it is the most visited religious site in the city.

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Hisar Kapia (Fortress Gate)

The Hisar Kapia (Fortress Gate) is one of the symbols of Plovdiv. It is found in Old Plovdiv and fits right in with the historic architectural style of this part of the city.
The Hisar Kapia seen today dates back to the 13th – 14th century, but its foundations existed long before the Roman era. After numerous invasions in the area, the defenses of the city were strengthened in the 2nd century.
At the time of the Bulgarian Revival, the gate and wall were slightly modified to permit their smooth integration into the structure of the surrounding buildings, including the Saints Konstantin and Elena Church and the Kuyumdjioglu House.

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Nebet Tepe

If you continue along the central cobblestone street, you will reach the hill Nebet Tepe, which holds the first evidence of life in Plovdiv, dating back to the 6th millennium B.C. Around the 12th century B.C., the Thracian city of Pulpudeva was one of the most developed southeastern Europe. The ruins of the fortress, still preserved today, show the various stages of Thracian, Roman, and Bulgarian history in the city.
The research and restoration project makes this one of the most interesting sites in Plovdiv, and will allow visitors to look into the phases of the city’s development during its lengthy history. Currently the main attraction of this site is the wonderful view of the city from atop the hill.

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Blue Rocks Nature Park - Sliven

Sliven

Sliven Town Hall

Sliven

Saint Dimitar Church

Sliven

Sliven Regional History Museum

Sliven

Yambol

Stara Zagora

Neolithic Dwellings Museum - Stara Zagora

Stara Zagora

Stara Zagora History Museum

Stara Zagora

Plovdiv Ethnographic Museum

Plovdiv

Hindilyan House - Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Blue Rocks Nature Park - Sliven

The Blue Rocks Nature Park is found in the southern part of the Balkans, north of Sliven. These are rock formations that have a bluish reflection at sunset or sunrise. The scientific explanation for the blue color of the rocks is due to their geological composition. This is one of the largest deposits of quartz-porphyry in Europe.
The park has a total area of 11,380 hectares. The choice of outdoor activities is wide and varied. The Blue Rocks Park is situated above the city and immersed in a magical atmosphere.
Many trails allow visitors to explore the park. The most famous and traversed path is the Haidushkata path. If you want to visit the park but are short on time, you can take a chairlift to the top of the mountain and enjoy a pleasant stroll with stunning views.

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Sliven Town Hall

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Saint Dimitar Church

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Sliven Regional History Museum

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Neolithic Dwellings Museum - Stara Zagora

You can get off the highway and head towards Stara Zagora, home to the Neolithic Dwellings Museum. The museum contains artifacts that are very important for our history – two houses from the Neolithic Period, the best preserved in Europe from this time period. Dating from the 7th century B.C, their preservation is due to a fire that destroyed the village the houses belonged to. The houses were buried for millennia, and contain many everyday objects from the time period, still in very good condition.
They share a roof made of straw and clay, but are separated by a common wall, thereby forming two homes. The houses are built out of wooden stakes, interlaced with thin rods, coated with a mixture of clay and straw.
The site was discovered in 1968, where a significant amount of ceramic artifacts (around 80-120 containers per house) were also found, as well as burnt grains of wheat, barley, lentils, and instruments that indicate the level of agricultural development in the early Neolithic period.
The Museum houses a permanent exhibition – “Prehistoric Art in Stara Zagora”, which consists of pottery, ritual objects, and ornaments made of marble, bone, clay and shells. The objects provide information about people’s beliefs at the time, including the cult of the sun, fertility, and the Mother Goddess. The museum also contains the most ancient marble figure (dated to the 7th millennium B.C.) found in Bulgaria, and models of the Neolithic houses found during excavations, which provide a clear idea of what they looked like.

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Stara Zagora History Museum

The History Museum in Stara Zagora is situated in the center of the town. Inside there are thousands of important objects that trace the history of the town and the region from the 8th millennium B.C. A special map shows the presence of more than 120 prehistoric burial grounds found in and around the town of Stara Zagora. Many of the objects found in these mounds during archaeological excavations are displayed in the museum.
The region was conquered by the Romans in the year 46 B.C. In 107 A.D, after the victory over the Dacians, Emperor Trajan passed through the region and decided to establish the city of Augusta Traiana. The city was of great regional importance, and was partially self-governing, with its own city council and National Assembly. The museum houses an impressive collection of glassware, bronze lamps, statues, jewelry and coins from this era. The museum is based on part of the main street of the Roman city, which connects to the southern and northern gates of the city. This part can be visited on the ground floor of the museum, the place where it was discovered. The street has a width six meters, and has sidewalks 11 meters wide on both sides.
The other halls of the museum follow the history of the town in subsequent periods, from the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, up to the time of the great fire in 1887, which almost destroyed the town entirely. Here, in the summer of 1887, one of the biggest battles of the Russo-Turkish war was fought. Despite the courage and heroism of Russian troops and Bulgarian volunteers, the city was conquered by Ottoman troops and burned. After the liberation from the Ottomans, the city began to rebuild on October 5th 1879. The date is now a holiday for this town, which was reborn from the ashes into a new life.

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Plovdiv Ethnographic Museum

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Hindilyan House - Plovdiv

The Hindilyan House is the most ornate, and among the most preserved Renaissance houses in Plovdiv. The house was built in 1834-1835 by unknown builders on behalf of a wealthy merchant who often travelled to India, hence the name Hindilyan.
The house was decorated with murals on the walls and ceilings, made by two craftsmen from the village of Chirpan. This project took them over six months. The murals are still preserved in very good condition. The courtyard also shows a careful attention to detail.
The house is the jewel of all the unique Old Plovdiv houses, and is one of the most visited places in the city.

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Day 11

PlovdivBachkovoShiroka Laka

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Shiroka Laka

You will arrive in Shiroka Laka.

The village of Shiroka Laka (an architectural reservation) is famous not only in Bulgaria, but around the world for its Rhodope style architecture, traditions, and musical past.
Nearby Shiroka Laka are the villages of Stoykite, Gela, Stikal, and Solitsa, where the Christian ancestry mixes with the Bulgarian Muslims in the area (Islamization of the Rhodope region took place during the Ottoman rule - 17th century).
The natural features, uncertainty during the Ottoman period, economic prosperity, and national consciousness of the people are reflected in the architecture of the houses, which are built in a large Rhodope style. They have two floors with bay windows and tall stone chimneys, small windows, wooden staircases, and a small cellar with a hiding place. The rooms are furnished with cupboards in the walls. Fountains sit in the middle of the cobbled courtyards. All of this is designed with taste and in harmony with nature.
A few kilometers higher, the mythical singer Orpheus was born in the village of Gela. In the spirit of the traditions there, a music school was established in Shiroka Laka, which can be seen today. Also, one of the best folklore and music festivals is held every August in Gela.

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Kosovo

The Wonderful Rocks

Zabardo

Kosovo

The village of Kosovo is located in the Rhodope Mountains, 5 kilometers from the Narechen spa resort. Founded in the 17th century, it developed in the nineteenth century thanks to the raising of livestock, agriculture, and masonry. Most of its Renaissance style houses date from around this period. Surrounded by beautiful nature, this is one of the most charming villages in the Rhodopes. In fact, some of the houses here were built by the same craftsmen who built the Kuymdjioglu and Georgiadi Houses in Plovdiv.
Forgotten in the 20th century, today the village is struggling to regain its rightful place among the most beautiful villages in Bulgaria.
The surrounding area offers many opportunities for hiking and picnics. Located slight off the beaten path, here you can find peace and quiet. The narrow streets of the village are a great place for a walk, which will take you back through history.

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The Wonderful Rocks

The Wonderful Rocks or Wonderful Bridges are a natural phenomenon in the Rhodope Mountains. They are located in the karst river valley of Erkyupriya in the Western Rhodopes. They stand at the foot of the Big Persenk Peak, 1,450 meters above sea level. The turbulent waters of the river have, at some point in the past, collapsed a cave that was in this place, forming these huge marble bridges.
Asmall path from the road leads to the remains of the cave. The largest bridge is about 15 meters wide and 100 meters long. It is decorated with three arches, the largest of which is 45 meters tall and 40 meters wide. A smaller bridge is located 200 meters downstream. The last bridge is where the river ends, its waters reappearing on the surface three kilometers further.
There are many local legends about the creation of the Wonderful Rocks. The most common one tells of the appearance of a dragon. Long ago in the nearby village of Zabardo there were many large herds of sheep, which attracted the dragon. For many years the village shepherds suffered from the attacks of the dragon, before they found a way to get rid of him. The villagers loaded up a donkey with tinder, lit him on fire and sent him towards the dragon. He swallowed it without hesitation. Desperately he tried to escape and hid in a small hole in the ground, which opened wider due to his huge body. After many years, his body rotted away and his bones left the huge arched bridges.

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Day 12

Nature and Traditions

Shiroka LakaKovachevitsaBansko

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Church of the Assumption - Shiroka Laka

Shiroka Laka

Ethnographic Museum - Shiroka Laka

Shiroka Laka

Buinovo Gorge

Yagodina

Trigrad Gorge

Trigrad

Leshten

Kovachevitsa

Bansko

Church of the Assumption - Shiroka Laka

After the Russo-Turkish War of 1828 and 1829, reforms were undertaken by Sultan Mahmut II, giving Christians greater religious freedom, and allowing them to build schools and churches.
Shiroka Laka was one of the first settlements in the Rhodopes that received permission to build a church, in 1834. The location selected had been used for hundreds of years to perform spiritual rituals, sacrifices, and local traditions. Despite opposition from a Turkish officer, Smail Aga and the Muslim population, the village was to begin building the church. On the first day of construction, Smail Aga raised his weapon against the builders and ordered them to stop working. Todor the Crazy replied that the village would revolt and that the foundations would not be moved. The Muslims interfere with every aspect of their work.
This clash ended with a complaint filed in Plovdiv, and a representative was sent to Shiroka Laka to calm tensions and to promote the development of the work, which had to be completed in 40 days. The whole village was involved in the construction of the church and it was completed in 38 days, according to historians. The church is 19 meters long, 12 meters wide and 8 meters high. The walls have a thickness of one meter. Eight columns hold up the leaning roof covered in stone bricks. The massive doors are overlaid with thick iron plate for more protection against attacks and bullets. A 5 to 10 meter high wall also protected the church. The church was consecrated in 1835 and was dedicated to the Assumption.

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Ethnographic Museum - Shiroka Laka

The Ethnographic Museum, which is located in the Zgurovski Konak building, lets you rediscover the architectural style, customs, and folklore of the town from the inside. The house was built by local craftsmen in 1853, on behalf of a particularly wealthy villager.
According to legend, the house was never occupied by its owner. Offended by the contempt towards them, the builders cursed the house and its owner, who eventually sold it. The new owner was the administrative officer, and the house was named “Konak” after him.

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Buinovo Gorge

The first site of the day does not require much time, only the time you wish to spend enjoying the beautiful landscapes of the Buinovo Gorge. It is among the longest gorges in Bulgaria. It is located between the villages of Yagodina and Teshel. This beautiful natural phenomenon was formed by the devastating force of the Buinovo River, which over time has carved through the marble layers of the mountains. The mountains that surround the Buinovo River reach several hundred meters in places.
The narrowest part of the gorge is called the “Wolf Jump”. According to local legends, wolves gather there to attack the chicken pens.
Karst activity is high in the region. In the village of Yagodina there are no less than 36 caves, the most famous being the Yagodina Cave, which is electrically lit and equipped for visitors. In the area there are other natural phenomena accessible to tourists, such as a natural rock bridge, beautiful waterfalls, and others.

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Trigrad Gorge

The Buinovo Gorge will prepare you for the beauty that awaits you.

The Trigrad Gorge bears the name of the small village nearby, where the Trigrad River has carved a 7 kilometer gorge in the marble rocks, which is rather narrow in certain sections. In some places, the distance between the cliffs is 300 meters.
Some feel anxiety when they are confronted with the sight of these huge cliffs, but that fear is quickly replaced by a sense of wonder and breathtaking beauty.

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Leshten

The village of Leshten is located in the Western Rhodopes, 8 kilometers from Garmen and 15 kilometers from the town of Gotse Delchev. The village still holds the soul of the Bulgarian Revival in its old house, with roofs covered in tikli (stone bricks). Walking through the cobbled streets of the village will make you feel the atmosphere of the past and forget the problems of the present.

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Kovachevitsa

You will arrive in Kovachevitsa.

The small village of Kovachevitsa is a place still preserved for tourism. The village will allow you to dive into life in the 19th century, as time seems to have stopped there. Situated along the river Kanina, its existence dates back to the early 17th century; this is where the Bulgarians who fled the Turkish Islamization settled.
Today it has retained the atmosphere of the past with its beautiful house, with tiled rooves and impressive architecture. The surroundings and nature there are very beautiful.

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Bansko

At the end of the day you will arrive in Bansko.

Bansko is a small town founded in the 15th century, which manages to mix traditional Bulgarian architecture with holiday-resort flair. This is the newest and the most dynamic of Bulgaria’s winter sports resorts and holds the record for snow in both quantity and duration as you can ski here from December 15 to May 15. At an altitude of 925 meters,located in the highest and also the most beautiful part of the Pirin Mountains, Bansko offers a stay in a wintery resort where the local people have managed to preserve the originality of its traditions, and of its cuisine and craft industry. There are many cultural events all year round. Its name comes from the old Bulgarian word "ban", which means"master."

The style of Bansko is representative of the rural landscape of the 18th and 19th centuries. Unique in their kind, the fortified houses are silent witnesses to the independent nature of its former inhabitants. The timber-framed stone houses which hide behind thick walls with stout double doors and loopholes in the walls used for protection are also “home” to one or more of secret hiding places.

Some of these houses are now converted to restaurants (mehana) where dinner is often a show, mixing live music, culinary delights and ancient customs.

Stroll around the old neighbourhood. Visit the Bansko Veljanov house with its magnificent murals. Also, stop at the church of St. Trinity (a great example of the Bulgarian Renaissance in 1885) and admire its imposing tower.

Decorative art - painting, woodcarving, was so well developed here that during the Bulgarian Renaissance the town gave birth to its own style.

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Devin

Yagodina Cave

Yagodina

Eagle's Eye Panoramic Terrace

Yagodina

Dospat Resevoir

Dospat

Dolen

Gotse Delchev

Delchevo

Nicopolis ad Nestum

Garmen

Devin

Devin is located a few kilometers from Shiroka Laka. It is a small town with superb nature, and is known for its mineral waters. Therefore, do not hesitate to go to even a public swimming pool to enjoy and experience the healing properties of the water, as well as the peace and comfort in the air.

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Yagodina Cave

The Yagodina Cave is located in the Rhodopes and is part of the beautiful karst cliffs of Buinovo. With a length of over 10 kilometers, and divided into three levels, only the bottom part is illuminated and accessible to tourists. The tour lets visitors explore over a kilometer of the cave, and discover a plethora of rock formations, but what makes it an interesting and original place and distinguishes it from other caves in the area are the numerous cave pearls. They are formed in small pools, drop by drop, by grains of sands caught in water which over many years are converted into calcite, and form a round shape.

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Eagle's Eye Panoramic Terrace

The Eagle Eye Panoramic Terrace is one of the sights worth visiting in the Rhodopes. Its construction was funded with revenues from tours of the Yagodina Cave nearby. The terrace rises to 1563 meters in altitude and offers truly breathtaking views of the eastern Rhodope Mountains, the Buinovo Gorge, and various small villages. There are two ways to reach the terrace – walking from the village of Yagodina or a ride in a 4x4 SUV. The adrenaline and fresh air of the climb is definitely worth it.
The powerful structure is designed to hold up to three tons, and the railings provide additional security for visitors. However, in order to enjoy the scenery in peace, and for optimal safety, only five people are allowed on the terrace at a time.

If you decide to visit the Yagodina Cave, the desire to diversify the day with a walk to the terrace will be even stronger. The only way to include it into the program without losing too much time is to take one of the 4x4s that are stopped near the cave. An enjoyable climb awaits you!

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Dospat Resevoir

The small town of Dospat is located in a mountainous area in the western part of the Rhodopes. Near the town is a resevoir that bears the name of the city, the highest resevoir in Bulgaria at an altitude of 1200 meters. It is also the second largest resevoir in Bulgaria with an area of 22 square kilometers. It is mainly fed by the Dospat River and is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful resevoirs in the country.

You must enter the town and follow the road for Batak in order to enjoy the beautiful view of the lake.

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Dolen

The village of Dolen is found in the northern part of the Rhodopes, about 26 kilometers from the town of Gotse Delchev. It has existed since the 17th century, a dark period marked by forced Islamization of residents in the Rhodopes. Bulgarians came to seek refuge in this remote mountain village, which sits at an altitude of 1020 meters.
The village began its development during the Renaissance (18th -19th centuries) with the production of tobacco and livestock, as well as the transport of goods and silverware.
Today the village is an architecture reserve with more than 70 preserved Renaissance houses, making it one of the most beautiful Bulgarian villages. The small cobbled streets keep the spirit and memory of the past. This is a different destination where you can relax, and breathe the pure air of the surrounding environment.

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Gotse Delchev

Gotse Delchev is located in southwestern Bulgaria, in the Blagoevgrad municipality. The town’s name comes from the name of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Georgi (Gotse) Nikolov Delchev, head of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Edirne. Located 547 meters above sea level, its origin is closely linked to the nearby Roman site of Nicopolis ad Nestrum.
Today, Gotse Delchev is a small and peaceful mountain town with a nice and well maintained pedestrian area, surrounded by cafes and shops. The town is a wonderful place to rest, with a close proximity to several traditional villages, as well as Greece and the Aegean Sea.

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Delchevo

The village of Delchevo is located in southwestern Bulgaria, 9 kilometers from the town of Gotse Delchev and 18 kilometers from the Greek border. It has a population of 40 people.
The village arose in the 17th century near a Turkish farm, and was under Ottoman rule until 1912. Until 1934 it was known as Yuch Duruk.
In the 19th century the main activities of the population where related to agriculture and livestock. By the end of the century the village had 560 inhabitants – Bulgarians, most of which were killed by the Turkish army during the preparation of the Ilinden Uprising. In 1934 the village was renamed after the Bulgarian revolutionary Gotse Delchev.
Many of the houses in Delchevo were built by local craftsmen in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Church of the Assumption was built in 1838. It is found in the center of the village, and features some impressive murals.
The village of Delchevo is a great example of the soul and traditions of the Rhodope Mountains, do not hesitate to visit it.
If you are running low on time, you will have to leave the visit to the village for your next trip to the region.

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Nicopolis ad Nestum

Seven kilometers east of Gotse Delchev at the entrance of the village of Garmen, in an area of 14 square kilometers, are the ruins of the Roman town Nicopolis ad Nestrum – more than 16 centuries old.
This is the only place of its kind in the Rhodope Mountains, but also one of the few partially preserved Roman towns in Bulgaria. The town’s name means “City of Victory”, and it sits on the river Mesta. It was founded in the year 106, on the foundations of Alexandopolis, during the rain of Emperor Trayan in honor of his victory of the Dacians. Avars and Slavs ravaged the city in the 6th century, which ceased its development. It was reborn from the ashes in the 9th and 10th centuries under the name Nikopol and stood until the 13th century when it was destroyed, this time by the Crusaders. The population gradually moved west, to create the town of Nevrokop – now known as Gotse Delchev.

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Day 13

On the border of Greece

BanskoMelnikRilski manastir

...

Premade route

Additional detours

Velyanov House - Bansko

Bansko

Melnik

Kordopulov House - Melnik

Melnik

Rozhen Monastery

Rozhen

Rila Monastery

Rilski manastir

Velyanov House - Bansko

To get a more complete picture of the architecture of the town, we recommend a visit to the Velyanov House, located near the central square of Bansko, by the Holy Trinity Church. The house is an example of the architectural style of fortified houses from the 18th – 19th centuries.
It was built in the 18th century, out of stone and wood, with two floors, and two hiding places that were linked together. These hiding places were used for protection in case of sudden attacks by the Ottoman Turks.
The house features impressive murals and sculpted ceilings, which are the work of Velyan Ognev, a student from the Debar Art School. He came to Bansko to work on decorating the Holy Trinity Church, and the locals gave him a house in gratitude. The Velyanov House was declared a historical monument in 1967, and has been open to visitors since 1977.

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Melnik

After a short walk in the center of Bansko, it is time to leave and head to the small town of Melnik, near the Greek border.

The small winemaking town of Melnik is surrounded by majestic limestone cliffs and sand pyramids, a unique and surprising natural phenomenon. Nature, like an artist, has created an unusual scene which resembles a series of pyramids, shaped over time. The sunset, a time filled with emotion, will add a touch of romance to your stay.
The town is centered around a street that runs along the river, where you can admire the architectural style of the area. You can visit museum houses, stop in the cozy local taverns, or go horseback riding if you like.
Melnik is the smallest town in Bulgaria, but it is also among the most charming. It keeps the memory of a prosperous past, but today it is filled with pastures, tranquility, and unique nature. The Thracians were the first to establish the city. It was further developed by the Romans, and later the Slavs, to be an important religious, cultural, and administrative center. At the end of the 6th century, the Slavs gave it the name of Melnik. After the 7th century it was part of the Bulgarian Empire. In 1215, Melnik was the main town of the independent despot Alexius Slav – boyar of the Melnik area and the nephew of Tsar Kaloyan. After the Ottoman invasion the city declined, but during the years of the Renaissance it reached its peak. The main occupation of the inhabitants was the production of high quality wines, aged in the underground cellars placed around the town. After the liberation, the town remained under Ottoman rule. The new laws broke the traditional links with the Aegean region and Vardar Macedonia. Also, in the 20th century, the vineyards were destroyed by phylloxera, which was devastating for the town. Almost everything above the market area was burned during the Balkan War. Currently the town only has 200 inhabitants, but its potential for tourism development is rising.
The remains of the grandeur of the past are enough to immerse you into its historic atmosphere. The old houses of Melnik impress with their architecture, size, and wineries. The most famous are the Kordupulov House – the biggest in the Balkan Peninsula during the Renaissance- the Boyar House, a valuable architectural monument of the Middle Ages, the Pashov House in the Municipal Museum of History, and the Velev House. Other interesting monuments: the remains of the St. Nicholas Monastery near the 12th century ruins of the Slav Fortress, the Roman Bridge, the ancient Turkish Baths, and the remains of several churches.

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Kordopulov House - Melnik

After visiting the Velyanov House in Bansko, you will easily be able to spot the architectural differences when you visit the Kordolulov House, the largest preserved Renaissance house in Bulgaria. Built in 1754, it is a great example of the classic architecture in Melnik. It consists of four floors and a wine cellar carved in local tradition. Access to the cellar is provided by a 150 meter long tunnel dug into the rock. The largest barrel in the cellar has a capacity of 12.5 tons, and the total capacity of the cellar is about 300 tons.
The interior of the house is decorated with Venetian paintings, antique furniture, carvings, and stained glass. Here you can immerse yourself in the winemaking traditions of the region with a glass of wine made from the famous local Wide Melnik Vine
Today, the house is a private museum and enjoys great interest, with about 30,000 tourists visiting it annually.

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Rozhen Monastery

A couple of kilometers from Melnik, you wil have the chance to visit the Rozhen Monastery. Founded in the 13th century, fits beautifully into its surroundings – the Melnik Pyramids. A plain wooden structure, its shady courtyard, magnificent frescoes, and beautiful iconostasis make this a powerfully emotional place.
You can reach the monastery by taking a morning nature walk from Melnik (about two hours). Revel in the ambience and fill yourself up with positive energy!

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Rila Monastery

It is time to return north, where a visit to the incredible Rila Monastery awaits you.

The Rila Monastery, a site protected by UNESCO for the quality of its icons, architecture and history, is found in the beautiful Rila National Park. It is the most emblematic symbol of Bulgarian Orthodoxy.
The monastery is located on the right bank of the Rila river in the Rila National Park. This is the most visited tourist destination in Bulgaria and is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site. It occupies an area of 8800 square meters and consists of four sections, corresponding to the four cardinal points. The monastery has room for 300 monks. A well preserved tower, once belonging to the local feudal lord Hrelyo rises from the center of the monastic courtyard.
The monastery was founded by St. Ivan Rilski in the year 930, but the structure as we know it today was built in 1335, under the regency of Hrelyo. The interior defensive towers still bear his name. St. Ivan Rilski was canonized by the Orthodox Church. The monastery suffered looting and destruction under Ottoman rule. It stood as a guardian of Orthodoxy when Catholic and Protestant Churches tried to settle on Bulgarian lands during the 19th century.
The Rila Monastery is filled with gorgeous, columns, frames and paintings. The main church is considered to be the best-decorated church in Bulgaria. Its carved wooden iconastasis is stunning. The monastery is a guardian of Bulgarian identity, an emblem of resistance located in a beautiful forest, sitting among the ancient trees.

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Park of the Dancing Bears

Belitsa

Melnik Fortress

Melnik

Melnik Wine Villa

Melnik

Sandanski

Stob Pyramids

Stob

Rila Monastery Museum

Rilski manastir

Cave of St. John of Rila

Rilski manastir

Park of the Dancing Bears

12 kilometers from the town of Belitsa, is the Park of the Dancing Bears, or rather former dancers. The purpose of this park is to rescue and raise bears that were used by gypsies to dance for money. The park is funded by the “Four Paws” organization. The road to get there is difficult but to see these wonderful creatures in their natural environment is a real emotional moment.

The park is very interesting and brings variety to the program, but it will certainly require a fair amount of time due to the difficult terrain. If you choose to visit it, you will have significantly less time in Melnik.

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Melnik Fortress

About one kilometer from the picturesque town of Melnik, you can find the remains of the medieval Fortress of Despot Alexius Slav, nephew of Tsar Kaloyan. According to historians, it was built in the 11th century, with an expansion and improvement taking place in the 13th century. This was the period when it was under the control of Alexius Slav, which is why it is named after him. The fortress covers an area of 3,000 square meters. Today, parts of the walls still remain, and in some places rise to over 10 meters.

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Melnik Wine Villa

The family-owned Melnik Wine Villa is located about 8 kilometers from the town Melnik. Here on this 30 hector plot, a wide variety of typical Bulgarian strains of grapes are produced (including Shiposhka Melnishka vine, and Mavrud) as well as some international strains. The owners have developed their own methods for the production and storage of the grapes. Tourists can visit and look around the winery with a special guide, taste the wines and learn more about the techniques used to produce them. Don’t be surprised if the owners come and have a drink with you, and ask you for your opinion and impression of the wine.

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Sandanski

At the heart of Bulgarian Macedonia, the spa resort of Sandanski is located a few kilometers from Melnik. It is a refreshing place to visit, especially its large botanical garden at the foot of the Pirin Mountains.
Undoubtedly the best place in Bulgaria for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, Sandanski will create some unforgettable moments, thanks to its mild climate and the beauty of the surrounding nature.
Do not forget the fact that Sandanski is believed to be the birthplace of Spartacus, who was a Thracian. Today the monument of Spartacus is a symbol of the city.

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Stob Pyramids

The Stob Pyramids, although overshadowed by the formations in Melnik, are some of the most remarkable and picturesque natural phenomena in Bulgaria. They are located 4 kilometers from the village of Stob, near the main road leading to the Rila Monastery. The formations have various shapes, and stand at heights from 6 to 12 meters. Some of the formations have tops resembling “crowns”. of stone, which gives them a strange shape resembling an umbrella or a mushroom. The beauty and importance of this site has been recognized since 1964, when it was included into the list of natural phenomena of national importance.
To fully enjoy this fabulous landscape, you can go for a walk along the manmade trail.

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Rila Monastery Museum

The museum at the Rila Monastery gives us an opportunity to learn about the long history of its high value items: icons, holy books, altar, the exceptional Cross of Raphael, and wood carvings which took 12 years to complete. Also, there are Glagolitic manuscripts from the 19th century, and Gospels written on parchment from the 13th century.

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Cave of St. John of Rila

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Day 14

Rilski manastirSofia

...

Premade route

Additional detours

Back to Sofia

Sofia

St. Alexander Nevski Cathedral

Sofia

Saint Sofia Church

Sofia

National Assembly (Parliament) Building

Sofia

The Russian Church of Saint Nicolas

Sofia

Ivan Vazov National Theater

Sofia

Church of St. George - Sofia

Sofia

East Entrance - Ulpiya Serdika

Sofia

Church of St. Petka of the Saddlers

Sofia

Banya Bashi Mosque

Sofia

Sofia Mineral Baths

Sofia

Vitoshka - Sofia pedestrian street

Sofia

National Palace of Culture

Sofia

Back to Sofia

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St. Alexander Nevski Cathedral

The Orthodox monument St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral was built in a neo-Byzantium style and is found in the center of Sofia. Ceremonies are conducted by the Bulgarian Patriarch in the church, which accommodates 5000 people. It is the second largest cathedral in the Balkan Peninsula and one of the largest Orthodox shrines in the world. Its gold coated domes are a well-known symbol of the city of Sofia. It was completed in 1912 in honor of the Russian soldiers who died during the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878, who freed Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. The Cathedral was declared a cultural landmark in 1924.

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Saint Sofia Church

The St. Sofia Church is one of the oldest Orthodox churches in Sofia. The name of the capital city of Bulgaria mostly derives from this church (The previous name originated from the Greek word Serdika). It is the largest Byzantine church outside the borders of Constantinople; built in the 6^th century A.D. during the reign of Justinian. The materials used to build the church are dated back to the 5^th and 6^th centuries A.D. Under Ottoman rule, the church was rebuilt into a mosque, but in the 1800s the church ceased to be used due to structural damage caused by multiple earthquakes. From the year 1900 a new construction project began, resulting in the Basilica returning to its original state as an Orthodox church. After multiple restoration projects, the St. Sofia Basilica opened its doors once again during the year 2000. Today, the likeness of the church is made to very closely resemble that of its original appearance during the Middle Ages. St Sofia represents the divine wisdom not through its saintly icons in the church, but through its namesake, who stands on the top of the church above three other women, depicting: faith, hope, and love. She is an important figure in the lives of the residents of Sofia.

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National Assembly (Parliament) Building

The impressive National Assembly (Parliament) building was constructed over a long period of time. The project, designed by Konstantin Jovanovic in a neo-Renaissance style, began in 1884 and an extension was built from 1890 to 1928. This building is one of the national symbols of Bulgaria. The Parliament building consists of 400 seats for national representatives and 600 seats for invited persons and journalists. The library contains over 2000 books and papers detailing the political history of Bulgaria. The National Assembly’s motto, “Unity creates Strength” is carved into the building’s front pediment.

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The Russian Church of Saint Nicolas

The Russian Orthodox Church was built in place of a Mosque that was torn down in 1882 following the independence of Bulgaria from the Ottomans. As a thanks to Russia, Bulgaria began the construction of the Church of St. Nicholas. The church is named honor of Tsar Nicholas II, who ruled at the time.
The church was constructed in 1907 and bless in 1914. Its style is similar to that of the Russian churches of the 17th century, with its five small gilded domes. Relatively narrow and dark inside, the interior contains frescoes from the school of Novgorod with beautiful a ceramic iconostasis. Housed in the crypt are the remains of St. Serafim Sobolev, Archbishop of Sofia. The proximity of the church to the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral symbolizes the strong relationship between Russia and Bulgaria.

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Ivan Vazov National Theater

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Church of St. George - Sofia

The Church of St. George is believed to be the oldest cultural building in Sofia with its well preserved early Christian architecture. It is located behind the Sheraton hotel, in the center of the ancient ruins of the old Serdika Fortress.
Erected by the Romans in the 4th century, the church has a circular dome built on a square base. It is believed that it was built on the site of a pagan temple. The building is famous for its frescoes in the central dome, dating from the 12th to the 14th centuries. The magnificent frescoes depicting 22 different prophets rise up to 2 meters high. There are also five successive layers of murals, created from the 6th to 14th centuries. The church was painted during the Ottoman rule; at the time the building was a mosque. The frescoes were discovered and restored only in the 20th century.

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East Entrance - Ulpiya Serdika

The fortress wall is among the largest structures, dating back to the early centuries of the Roman Empire. The construction was carried out by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Aurelius Commodus and completed somewhere between 176 and 180 A.D. The fortress wall was destroyed during the 15th century by the Ottomans.

The area inside the walls of the fortress quickly became inadequate due to the expansion of the city. Therefore many buildings, mainly temples, decided to remain outside the boundaries of the fortress. The shape of the wall does not match with the standard rectangular shape of Roman cities.

The first wall was made of brick and sits on a 2 meter foundation of stone. It stood at a height of around 8 or 9 meters, with a width of 2.2 meters. About 50-60 meters distance from each other, towers built for defensive purposes rise 2-3 meters above the wall. The remains of the first wall were then replaced by a new second wall in during the 4^th century. The construction of this second wall utilized an ancient Roman building technique called “opus mixtum”, with 4 rows alternating between brick and stone. The new walls follow the form of the original, with the addition of stairs which enhance the thickness of the walls. In some places there were also added side exits called posterns.

During the reign of Emperor Justinian (527-566), construction of the existing wall was set in motion. This wall was surrounded with yet another barrier with a width of 1.8 meters. New triangular towers were placed between the existing ones. These triangular towers were located near the three main pentagonal entrances. Around this was built a third wall 2 meters thick with a distance of 20m from the main rampart.

Part of this wall, which was situated on the eastern border of the ancient city, was discovered under Alexander Dondukov Boulevard. They were found under the Presidential office and the Ministry building. Some reconstruction work was carried out in 1997-1999 in order to allow visitors to see the fragments of the past that are buried underneath the capital.

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Church of St. Petka of the Saddlers

The Church of St. Petka of the Saddlers, dating back to the 15th century during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, was created with donations from the Saddlers guilds of Sofia, hence the name. The church was dedicated to the martyr Petka Ikoniyska. It was built on top of the ruins of an 11th century Roman temple. During this time, construction of churches was allowed, with the restriction that their height was not allowed to exceed the height of a soldier on horseback. Thus, many churches were partially constructed underground. This is a great example of one of these structures. There are some visible traces of antique frescoes in the semicircular arches (part of a three stage of a mural painted in the 15th, 17th, and 19th centuries. There is a theory suggesting that the church is the resting place of Vasil Levski, a national hero and symbol of resistance, who was arrested and hung in Sofia during 1873. A vestige of the past, miraculously preserved through time among the hulking communist buildings, this church is a great example of the rich and diverse heritage of the capital.

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Banya Bashi Mosque

The Banya Bashi Mosque is the only working mosque in the capital. It is one of the oldest mosques in all of Europe, built in 1575 by the famous architect Mimar Sinan. The name of the mosque comes from the phrase “many baths”. It is part of a larger complex which features ancient thermal baths located in the rear section, which were discovered and restored. The interior features calligraphic excerpts of the Koran.
Today, the Banya Bashi Mosque is one of the few operating mosques left following the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. The mosque is located nearby a Synagogue, the Catholic cathedral and many Orthodox churches, as a gesture of tolerance and respect for the Muslim religion in the city.

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Sofia Mineral Baths

The main mineral baths; built in the year 1913, were built in a modern Bulgarian style in place of the pre-existing Turkish baths. They are located on their own water source; the building does not require artificial heating for its rooms or water. During the time it was built, there was a large pool and 4 smaller ones. Due to the development of the area, the baths were experiencing a steady drop in attendance and eventually closed to the public. Even so, residents of Sofia still frequent them today to get hot water from the ancient hot springs. The city has been famous for its hot and cold natural hot springs since antiquity. In and around Sofia are found more than 40 mineral springs grouped into 8 sectors, each producing 550 liters of water per second with a temperature of 45 to 60 degrees Celsius. The water from this spring will be may be used to provide heat to many public buildings. The baths are in a process of reconstruction for the Sofia History Museum, and for use as a Spa center.

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Vitoshka - Sofia pedestrian street

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National Palace of Culture

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Day 15

Sofia

...

Day 1

Sofia

St. George

Hotel (20 rooms)

St. George

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Wi-Fi

Located in a residential area in the center of Sofia, a 10-minute walk from Serdika Metro Station and a 15-minute walk from the National Palace of Culture and Vitosha Boulevard pedestrian street.

The city's main monuments are within a 15-minute walk, including the Archaeological Museum, the Ivan Vazov Theater and the Presidency Institution.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Double

Day 2

Glozhenski manastir

Monastery (10 rooms)

Glozhenski manastir

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

The Ghlozhene Monastery is one of the few monasteries in Bulgaria where it is possible to spend the night. A narrow but relatively well-paved road leads to the monastery, which offers spectacular views of the surrounding area. The tranquility of this secluded place will fill you with positive energy and leave some lasting memories.
The monastery also has a restaurant that offers Bulgarian cuisine and of course the Monastery Bean Soup.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Apartment

Day 3

Koprivshtitsa

Gozbarova Kashta

Hotel (12 rooms)

Gozbarova Kashta

Price includes

Breakfast

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Day 4

Tryavna

Art-M Gallery

Hotel (5 rooms)

Art-M Gallery

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Day 5

Arbanasi

Arbanashki Han

Hotel (22 rooms)

Arbanashki Han

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Parking

Wi-Fi

Hotel Arbanashki Han is located in the traditional village of Arbanassi, in the heights over Veliko Tarnovo. It includes two parts, a renovated traditional 17th century house, redone to meet the current requirements of the hotel’s rating, and the newer part, which follows the traditions of the local architectural style. This hotel is filled with charm and attention to detail, with a large courtyard garden where you can enjoy traditional Bulgarian cuisine or just relax for a bit.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Double

Day 6

Ruse

Anna Palace

Hotel (30 rooms)

Anna Palace

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

The hotel Anna Palace is located near the center and offers a view of the Danube River. The building is a beautiful cultural monument, which an exceptionally rich and interesting history that guests of the hotel will have a chance to discover.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English +

French +

German

Double

Day 7

Varna

Belle Epoque

Hotel (16 rooms)

Belle Epoque

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Wi-Fi

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English +

French +

Russian +

Dutch

Day 8

Nessebar

St. Yoan

Hotel (24 rooms)

St. Yoan

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Insurance

Wi-Fi

The hotel is housed in a beautiful building amidst the ruins and antiquities of Nesebar, in the heart of the ancient UNESCO-protected city. The building was built in the style of the Old Quarters, which further enhances the feeling of a bygone age. An oasis of comfort and relaxation, the rooms provided all the necessary amenities for a successful stay. A big advantage of the hotel is its relatively large parking lot (for the Old Town) and the restaurant.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English +

Russian

See more images

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Day 9

Zheravna

Ekohotel

Guesthouse (5 rooms)

Ekohotel

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

The Ekohotel Zheravna guest house is situated on the main tourist street of the village. A traditional house, a monument of culture and architecture, the house impresses with its heritage and atmosphere that recreates the spirit of a bygone era.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Double

Day 10

Plovdiv

Evmolpia

Hotel (9 rooms)

Evmolpia

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Parking

Wi-Fi

Hotel Evmolpia is set in a traditional Bulgarian Rennaissance house, located in the heart of Old Plovdiv and just a 2 minutes walk from Kapana District.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English +

Russian

Day 11

Shiroka Laka

Gaytana

Guesthouse (7 rooms)

Gaytana

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Gaytana guest house is located in the typical village of Shiroka Laka. The owners of the house, Tanya and Lyubo, will offer you a warm welcome and carefully decorated rooms in the Rhodope style.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English

Day 12

Bansko

Todeva Kashta

Guesthouse (11 rooms)

Todeva Kashta

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

English +

Russian

Day 13

Rilski manastir

Rilski Manastir

Monastery (13 rooms)

Rilski Manastir

Price includes

City tax

VAT

The Rila Monastery is undoubtedly the largest spiritual center of Bulgaria, a guardian of the Bulgarian spirit and traditions. A place for reflection, spiritual worship, and travel, it will provide you with a unique experience that will leave lasting memories in your mind.

Equipment

Languages spoken by staff:

Double Twin

Day 14

Sofia

St. George

Hotel (20 rooms)

St. George

Price includes

Breakfast

City tax

VAT

Wi-Fi

Located in a residential area in the center of Sofia, a 10-minute walk from Serdika Metro Station and a 15-minute walk from the National Palace of Culture and Vitosha Boulevard pedestrian street.

The city's main monuments are within a 15-minute walk, including the Archaeological Museum, the Ivan Vazov Theater and the Presidency Institution.